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112 Brain and Behaviour > Emotion Wk8 > Flashcards

Emotion Wk8 Flashcards

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1
Q

are emotion and reason linked?

A

yes, without emotion we have reduced capacity to make rational decisions

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2
Q

what is emotion?

A

evaluative response (+ve/–ve) usually includes:

  • physiological arousal•subjective experience
  • behavioural/emotional expression
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3
Q

what is the affect of emotion?

A

Pattern of behaviours that express emotions.

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4
Q

what is mood?

A

more general emotional state that may or may not be externally expressed

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5
Q

what is expression?`

A

overt signs of emotion

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6
Q

what is emotional valence?

A

emotions can be classified according to their valence

  • Positive:Pleasant emotions (e.g., happiness)
  • Negative:Unpleasant emotions (e.g., sadness)
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7
Q

can emotional valence impact on behaviour?

A

yes,
- Positive affect associated with pleasure-seeking, approach-oriented behaviour (left frontal lobe).

  • Negative affect related to to avoidance behaviours (right frontal lobe)
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8
Q

what are discrete emotion theories? (DET)

A 
Humans experience a small number of distinct emotions
- These emotions.......
–serve distinct evolutionary purposes
–have distinct physiological responses
–are universal across cultures
–occur before thought
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9
Q

what is evolutionary perspective? (DET)

A

Darwin: emotions serve adaptive purpose increase chances of survival

  • innate motor programs (eg.postural, facial)
  • similar across cultures (and even species)
  • How do they help survival?
  • social communication
  • internal motivator (e.g. fear -> run or fight)
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10
Q

discrete physiological responses

A
  • Disgust -less likely to consume toxic substance
  • Fear-eyes widen to recognise danger
  • Anger-fists clenched and teeth bared ready to fight
  • Jealousy-need to secure resource
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11
Q

how many primary emotions are there?

A

7

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12
Q

where are the primary emotions?

A

1) anger
2) fear
3) disgust
4) surprise
5) contempt
6) sadness
7) happiness

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13
Q

combining 2 or more primary emotions create …….

A

a secondary emotion

eg. anger + fear

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14
Q

what have cross-cultural studies found about the 7primary emotions?

A

that they are universally recognised and expressed.
there are also 5 other emotions that may have universal facial expressions

1) pride
2) awe
3) shame
4) embarrassment
5) interest

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15
Q

how many words for anger and sadness does Tahitian have ?

A

anger - 46

sadness - 0

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16
Q

what are display rules?

A

cultures have different rules about how and when you can express an emotion.

(eg. greeting people in Australia, Vs Europe)

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17
Q

what are discrete physiological responses?

A

Some emotions have different physiological responses

Anger/fear: both increase heart rate, but digestive system speeds up/slows down

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18
Q

can emotions be distinguished by brain activity?

A

yes, (although not always the case, many brain regions are involved)
fear -Amygdala
Disgust -insula

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19
Q

what is the James Lange theory?

A

there is an emotion including stimulus that leads to behavioural and bodily responses there is a subjective interpretation of arousal emotion.

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20
Q

what is the evidence for the James Lange theory?

A

higher spinal damage associated with reduced subjective emotion

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21
Q

what is the evidence against the James Lange theory ?

A

emotional responses can be faster than physiological and we are not always aware of our bodily functions

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22
Q

what is the somatic marker theory?

A

gut reactions and physiological response unconsciously directs our direction making and emotional reactions

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23
Q

what is evidence against the somatic marker theory?

A

may be helpful but not necessary

people with pure autonomic failure can make bad decisions without any bodily feedback

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24
Q

what is the cannon bard theory?

A

emotional and behavioural responses are elected simultaneously and independently

so an emotion provoking even produces an emotion and a bodily reaction at the same time

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25
Q

what is evidence again the cannon bard theory?

A

most physiological changes occur to slowly to trigger emotional reactions that happen quickly

the somatic and autonomic responses can influence emotional experiences in some cases

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26
Q

what is the appraisal theory?

A

emotion arises from assessing of stimulus

27
Q

what is the two factor theory of emotion?

A

Unspecified physiological/autonomic arousal2.Cognitive interpretation based on internal/external eve

28
Q

what is the criticism of the two factor theory of emotion?

A

emotion can occur in absence of arousal

29
Q

what is cognition and appraisal?

A

can also influence how we perceive others emotions

30
Q

what is emotion regulation?

A

can occur before or after the emotional response occurs

31
Q

what are the different type of emotional regulation?

A

1) reframing

2) suppressing

32
Q

what does reframing mean?

A

meaning of an event before emotional response occurs -reduces negative affect

33
Q

what does suppressing means?

A

Emotions afterthe emotional response -leads to increased autonomic arousal

34
Q

what are the affects of emotion on cognition?

A

Mood (including anxiety, depression) can….

  • influence memory capacity, problem solving, decision making, judgements, inferences, predictions
  • bias our attention and recall of particular information•influence our expectations for the future
35
Q

what is the unconscious affects on emotion? (subconscious)

A

facial features -You are more likely to feel emotions that correspond to your facial features

36
Q

what is the limbic system?

A

produces and regulates emotional responses and helps us interpret the emotions of others

37
Q

what are the key structures of the limbic system?

A
  • amygdala
  • hypothalamus
  • cingulate cortex
  • hippocampus
38
Q

what is the Amygdala?

A

learning, recognising and responding to emotion

39
Q

what is hypothalamus?

A

regulates the autonomic nervous system and endscroine system.

40
Q

what is hippocampus?

A

encoding new long term memories including emotional information.

41
Q

what is cingulate cortex?

A

emotional expression and interpreting / engaging in social behaviour

42
Q

what is Kluver-Bucy Syndrome?

A

cause, bilateral removal damage to the amygdala

Major symptoms -
- lack of fear, urge to put objects in mouth, memory loss, hyper sexuality, visual distractibility, placidity, emotional blunting

43
Q

what role does the prefrontal cortex play?

A
  • Cognitive appraisal of emotional information
  • Conscious decisions based on emotional information
  • Interpreting meaning of peripheral responses
  • Regulation of emotional responses / expressions
44
Q

what role does the insult cortex play?

A

involved in recognition and experience of disgust

ALSO - plays broad role in interception and integrating affective and cognitive processes

45
Q

what is the high and low road?

A

low road - Fast subcortical pathway via thalamus
•Rapid threat detection

high road- Slow cortical pathways, more complex analysis

46
Q

are there any brain structures linked to just one emotion

A

no

47
Q

explain non - verbal leakage

A

often a powerful cue that we are trying to hide an emotion

48
Q

what are micro expressions

A

brief expressions which occur when trying to conceal emotions

49
Q

explain emotional distance

A

there are four levels :

1) public
2) social
3) personal
4) intimate

50
Q

what is proxemics

A

the study of personal space

51
Q

public level of distance?

A

12ft or more (eg. public speaking)

52
Q

social level of distance?

A

4-12 ft (conversations among strangers)

53
Q

personal level of distance?

A

1.5ft -4t(conversation among close friends)

54
Q

intimate level of distance?

A

0-1.5ft (eg. kissing, hugging)

55
Q

what is happiness good for?

A

May produce enduring physical and psychological benefits

56
Q

what is the broaden and build theory?

A

happiness predisposes is to think more openly which allows us to see the bigger picture

57
Q

what do happier people tend to live longer?

A

they tend to cope better with bad life events

58
Q

what makes us happy?

A
  • marriage
  • friendships
  • education
  • religion
  • exercise
  • gratitude
  • giving
  • flow
59
Q

what doesn’t make us happy

A
  • what happens us
  • money
  • youth
  • never being worried
60
Q

what is self esteem?

A

a persons evaluation of their self worth

61
Q

what are the benefits of self esteem?

A

high self esteem is associated with greater initiative and persistence

related to positive illusions which are the tendencies to perceive ourselves more positively than others do

62
Q

what is downside self esteem?

A

can be maladaptive in extreme amounts

63
Q

what is positive psychology?

A

emphasis human strengths (resilience, coping, life, satisfaction, love and happiness)

64
Q

which brain region helps us use emotional reactions to guide decision making and behaviour

A

ventromedial prefrontal cortex

112 Brain and Behaviour (10 decks)

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