Human Development And Behavior Flashcards
Ego
Mediator between if and reality.
If too strong than you are rational, cold, boring, distant.
Id
Drives and needs, impulses, unconscious.
If too strong become psychopath.
Superego
Seat of conscience.
If too strong feel guilty all of the time.
Freud 0-1 years
oral
Freud 2-3 years
anal
Freud 3-6 years
phallic/oedipal
Freud 6-11 years
latency
Freud 12-18 adolescence
puberty-genital
Piaget 0-2 years
Sensorimotor thought
object permanence - peakaboo the thing is really gone
play is imitative
signals meaning (babysitter arrives, mom is leaving)
Piaget 2.5 to 6-7
preoperational thought
egocentric- do not understand others perspectives
language forms
past present future
magical thinking
piaget 7-11
concrete operations
logical thinking but difficulty with abstract/hypothetical thinking
plays games with rules
cause-effect relationship
thinking is independent of experience
piaget 11-18
formal operations
logical thinking, deductive thinking, abstract, problem solving, what if-than
uncoucious
thoughts feelings desires and memories of which we are unaware
preconscious
thoughts, feelings, desires, which can be brought into consciousness easily
concious
mental activities of which we are fully aware
Erikson 0-18 mos
Infancy=Trust vs. mistrust
Children develop a sense of trust when caregivers provide reliabilty, care, and affection. A lack of this will lead to mistrust.
Erikson 2-3 years
Early Childood= Autonomy vs. shame and doubt
Children need to develop a sense of personal control over physical skills and a sense of independence. Success leads to feelings of autonomy, failure results in feelings of shame and doubt.
Erikson 3-5 years
Play Age= Initiative vs. Guilt
Children need to begin asserting control and power over the environment. Success in this stage leads to a sense of purpose. Children who try to exert too much power experience disapproval, resulting in a sense of guilt.
Erikson 6-11 years
School Age= Industry vs. Inferiority
Children need to cope with new social and academic demands. Success leads to a sense of competence, while failure results in feelings of inferiority.
Erikson 12-18 years
Adolescence= Identity vs. Identity Diffusion
Teens need to develop a sense of self and personal identity. Success leads to an ability to stay true to yourself, while failure leads to role confusion and a weak sense of self.
Erikson 19-40 years
Young Adulthood= Intimacy vs. isolation
Young adults need to form intimate, loving relationships with other people. Success leads to strong relationships, while failure results in loneliness and isolation.
Erikson 40-65
Adulthood: Generativity vs. Self-Absorption
Adults need to create or nurture things that will outlast them, often by having children or creating a positive change that benefits other people. Success leads to feelings of usefulness and accomplishment, while failure results in shallow involvement in the world.
Erikson 65-death
Senescence: Intergity vs. Disgust
Older adults need to look back on life and feel a sense of fulfillment. Success at this stage leads to feelings of wisdom, while failure results in regret, bitterness, and despair.
Describe Margaret Mahler’s Object Relations theory
People are born with the drive to develop self. Sense of self affects relationships. Ego organizes at age 3-1/2.
Normal autistic stage
0-3 months
Alert inactivity, baby doesn’t care who feeds/holds them
Separation-Individuation Phase
Infant breaks out of its “autistic shell” and begins to connect with her environment and the people in it. Separation: development of limits and to the differentiation in her mind between herself and the mother, whereas individuation refers to the development of her ego, sense of identity, and cognitive abilities.
Normal Symbiosis Stage
2-6 months
The infant is now aware of its mother, but has no sense of individuality of its own. The infant and mother are as one, and there is a barrier between them and the rest of the world.
hatching 7-9 mos
first part of seperation
Increased alertness and interest for the outside world. Using the mother as a point of orientation.
practicing 7-18 mos
2nd part of seperation
disengagement from mother with crawling, returns for refueling. Narcissism, runs away from mom anticipating mom will reenage
reapproachement 18-24 mos
3rd part of seperation
disengagement alternating with intense demands for attention, can leave mother rather than be left
object constancy 24-38 montsh
describes the phase when the child understands that the mother has a separate identity and is truly a separate individual. it leads to internalization in which the baby can have an picture of mom in head that guides and supports them through an unconscious level.
Kohlberg’s theory of moral develeopment
Morals develop along with cognitive development. 3 different levels, must pass through without skipping stages
Pre-conventional, occurs during elementary school before age 9.
- child obey authority for fear of punishment
2. child acts and conforms to rules to receive rewards/ self interest
Conventional, occurs during early adolescence.
- acts to gain approval from others
4. obeys laws of social system, rules are rules
post-conventional, adult
- individual rights, concerned with others
6. individual principles based on broad universal ethical principles
Elizabeth Kubler-Ross
Stages of death a dying
5 stages, can go in/out of them at different times, can be a circular pattern, can go in any order, some stages may take longer than others
denial and isolation
defense mechanism that is temporary to buffer the immediate shock
anger
why me, rage, resentment
bargaining
attempting to avert fate by being amiable and cooperative
depression
sense of loss and grief. reaction to practical implications relating to the loss. quiet preparation to separate and to bid our loved one farewell.
acceptance
neither depressed nor angry; devoid of feeling and increasingly detached
What are the 5 stages of death and dying
- denial
- anger
- bargaining
- depression
- acceptance
Maslow’s hierarchy of need from lowest to highest level
- physiological needs
- safety needs
- love and belonging needs
- esteem needs
- self actualization
Physiological needs
food, water, o2, temperature
safety needs
feel safe from harm, danger, need regularity and some predictability
love and belonging needs
assurance that one is loved, accepted. Love needs to be unconditional acceptance
ego-esteem needs
need a stable, firm based level of self-respect and respect from others
self actualization needs
need to be oneself, act consistently with whom one is
Stranger anxiety occurs at what age?
6-8 months
Separation anxiety occurs at what age?
6/7 mos-12/16 mos
Prolonged separation anxiety happens at what age?
18 mos
