Human Body Flashcards
systemic circulation
in the body
pulmonary circulation
in the lungs
two layered membrane that surrounds the heart w/ the visceral covering of the surface of the organ and the parietal layer outside
pericardial sack
SA Node (sinoatrial)
60 to 100 bpm
AV Node (atrioventricular)
pauses for a split second
40 to 60 bpm
purkinje fibers
< 20 bpm
how many liters of blood is in the human body?
5 to 6 liters
amount of force exerted against walls of arteries
blood pressure
systole
left ventricle contracts
diastole
left ventricle relaxes and fills w/ blood
circulation of blood within an organ or tissue
perfusion
shock
widespread inadequate tissue perfusion
central nervous system (CNS)
brain and spinal cord
carries info from the body to the CNS
sensory nerves
carries info from the CNS to the muscles of the nerves
motor nerves
how long w/o perfusion will brain cells start to die?
4-6 minutes
frontal lobe
behavior/emotion
parietal lobe
touch/sensation
occipital lobe
vision
temporal lobde
hearing/speech
cerebellum
balance/fine motor skills
reticular activating system (RAS)
asleep and awake cycles
what does the nervous system control?
controls virtually all of our body activities
skin
largest single organ thermo regulation protects from the environment retention of water sensory input
3rd cranial nerve (occularmotor)
controls the constriction and dilation of the pupils
intravascular
inside cells
lymphatic system
supports circulatory/immune system
helps rid body of toxins and harmful materials
endocrine system
complex message and control system
vasomotor
controls our smooth muscle
extracellular
outside cells
interstitial
between cells
osmosis
the movement of solvent
minerals in your blood and other fluids that carry an electric charge
electrolytes
what is the normal PH balance?
7.35-7.45
homeostasis
the concept of balance
spaces between your ribs
intercostal spaces
closer to the surface
superficial
further into the body
deep
sharp points
apices
comparing left and right side
bilaterally
splits body from to back
coronal plane
splits body into top and bottom
transverse planes
splits body right to left
sagittal plane
bending of a joint (decorticate)
flexion
straightening of joint (decerebrate)
extension
laying face down; bad position;’ difficult to open airway
prone
laying flat on back; good access to airway
supine
best chance to keep stomach content in the stomach; used mostly for altered level of consciousness patients
left lateral
(recovery)
(recumbent)
supine and legs elevated 6 to 12 inches
shock
shock on backboard; (use but not recommended)
trendelenburgs position
inter cranial pressure (ICP)
reverse trendelenburgs position
use for a patient having respiratory distress, position of comfort, helps facilitate breathing
fowlers position
thoracic
pleura
abdominal
peritoneum
inner layer covering the surface of the organs
visceral
outer layer covering the walls of the body cavity
parietal
skeletal system
consists of 206 bones
radius
on the thumb side
ulna
on the pinky side
cranium
made up of 4 bones
- frontal
- occipital
- parietals
face
made up of 14 bones
the opening at the base of the skull to allow brain to connect to spinal cord inn the occipital bone
foramen magnum
has 33 bones, divides into 5 sections
spinal column
in the neck, 7 vertebrae
cervical
12 vertebrae
thoracic
5 vertebrae
lumbar
5 fused vertebrae
sacrum
4 fused vertebrae
coccyx
what is made up of the shoulder girdle?
clavicle, humerus, and scapula
chest cavity, formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs
thorax
what does the thoracic cavity consist of?
heart, lungs, esophagus, great vessels
shoulder and hip, able to move in a ll directions
ball and socket joint
knes and elbows, only able to move in one direction
hinge joints
muscuskeletal muscles
consists of 600 muscles
voluntary, attached to bones of the body
skeletal muscle
involuntary, located in vessels, bronchi, urinary and GI tract
smooth muscle
wavelike contraction of smooth muscle, occurs in these tubes to move urine to the bladder
peristalsis
involuntary, has its own blood supply and electrical system, around the heart
cardiac muscle
processing of food that nourishes the cells
digestions
second major body cavity, contains major organs of dsifgestdion and excretion
abdomen
contains liver, gallbladder, portions of the small/large intestines
right upper quadrant
contains stomach, spleen, portions of the small/large intestines
left upper quadrant
portions of the small/large intestines, appendix, female reproductive organs if female
right lower quadrant
portions of small/large intestines and female reproductive organs if female
left lower quadrant
ballooning of the abdominal aortic vessel
abdomina aortic aneurysm
liver
solid organ
gallbladder
hollow organ
large/small intestines
hollow organs
stomach
hollow organs
appendix
hollow organ
spleen
solid organ
female reproductive organs
solid organs
hollow organs
contains “nasty” inside
solid organs
contains blood inside
contains 3 organs
- pancreas (both solid/hollow)
- kidneys (solid)
- adrenal glands (solid)
retroperitoneal
upper airway
warms, filters, and humidifies
lower airway
is sterile
at the ends of bronchioles and are airway sacs that have capillary beds
alveoli
contains 5 lobes
- 2 on the left side
- 3 on the right side
lungs
protective airway structures
rib cage, cilia, epiglottis
prevents food and liquid from entering trachea
epiglottis
what is the dividing line of the lower and upper airway?
larynx
what is the adams apple?
thyroid cartilage
divides into right/left bronchi leading to bronchioles
trachea
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide
diffusion
inhalation
active process
diaphragm contracts downward
pressure in lungs decreases
intercostals muscles contracts outward
exhalation
passive process
pressure in the lungs increases
respiration
exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli and tissues
ventilation
simple air movement into and out of the lungs
brain stem
controls breathing
respiratory center
controls breathing rate by primary chemo-receptors measuring carbon dioxide levels
cardiac center
controls heart rate and measures oxygen levels (backup system, hypoxic drive) by baroreceptors measuring blood pressure
what controls the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve
what does the circulatory system consist of?
arteries arterioles veins venules capillaries
