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Emt > Human Body > Flashcards

Human Body Flashcards

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NREMT® EMT flashcards
1
Q

systemic circulation

A

in the body

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2
Q

pulmonary circulation

A

in the lungs

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3
Q

two layered membrane that surrounds the heart w/ the visceral covering of the surface of the organ and the parietal layer outside

A

pericardial sack

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4
Q

SA Node (sinoatrial)

A

60 to 100 bpm

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5
Q

AV Node (atrioventricular)

A

pauses for a split second

40 to 60 bpm

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6
Q

purkinje fibers

A

< 20 bpm

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7
Q

how many liters of blood is in the human body?

A

5 to 6 liters

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8
Q

amount of force exerted against walls of arteries

A

blood pressure

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9
Q

systole

A

left ventricle contracts

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10
Q

diastole

A

left ventricle relaxes and fills w/ blood

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11
Q

circulation of blood within an organ or tissue

A

perfusion

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12
Q

shock

A

widespread inadequate tissue perfusion

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13
Q

central nervous system (CNS)

A

brain and spinal cord

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14
Q

carries info from the body to the CNS

A

sensory nerves

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15
Q

carries info from the CNS to the muscles of the nerves

A

motor nerves

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16
Q

how long w/o perfusion will brain cells start to die?

A

4-6 minutes

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17
Q

frontal lobe

A

behavior/emotion

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18
Q

parietal lobe

A

touch/sensation

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19
Q

occipital lobe

A

vision

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20
Q

temporal lobde

A

hearing/speech

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21
Q

cerebellum

A

balance/fine motor skills

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22
Q

reticular activating system (RAS)

A

asleep and awake cycles

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23
Q

what does the nervous system control?

A

controls virtually all of our body activities

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24
Q

skin

A 
largest single organ
thermo regulation
protects from the environment
retention of water
sensory input
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25
Q

3rd cranial nerve (occularmotor)

A

controls the constriction and dilation of the pupils

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26
Q

intravascular

A

inside cells

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27
Q

lymphatic system

A

supports circulatory/immune system

helps rid body of toxins and harmful materials

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28
Q

endocrine system

A

complex message and control system

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29
Q

vasomotor

A

controls our smooth muscle

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30
Q

extracellular

A

outside cells

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31
Q

interstitial

A

between cells

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32
Q

osmosis

A

the movement of solvent

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33
Q

minerals in your blood and other fluids that carry an electric charge

A

electrolytes

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34
Q

what is the normal PH balance?

A

7.35-7.45

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35
Q

homeostasis

A

the concept of balance

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36
Q

spaces between your ribs

A

intercostal spaces

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37
Q

closer to the surface

A

superficial

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38
Q

further into the body

A

deep

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39
Q

sharp points

A

apices

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40
Q

comparing left and right side

A

bilaterally

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41
Q

splits body from to back

A

coronal plane

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42
Q

splits body into top and bottom

A

transverse planes

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43
Q

splits body right to left

A

sagittal plane

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44
Q

bending of a joint (decorticate)

A

flexion

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45
Q

straightening of joint (decerebrate)

A

extension

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46
Q

laying face down; bad position;’ difficult to open airway

A

prone

47
Q

laying flat on back; good access to airway

A

supine

48
Q

best chance to keep stomach content in the stomach; used mostly for altered level of consciousness patients

A

left lateral
(recovery)
(recumbent)

49
Q

supine and legs elevated 6 to 12 inches

A

shock

50
Q

shock on backboard; (use but not recommended)

A

trendelenburgs position

51
Q

inter cranial pressure (ICP)

A

reverse trendelenburgs position

52
Q

use for a patient having respiratory distress, position of comfort, helps facilitate breathing

A

fowlers position

53
Q

thoracic

A

pleura

54
Q

abdominal

A

peritoneum

55
Q

inner layer covering the surface of the organs

A

visceral

56
Q

outer layer covering the walls of the body cavity

A

parietal

57
Q

skeletal system

A

consists of 206 bones

58
Q

radius

A

on the thumb side

59
Q

ulna

A

on the pinky side

60
Q

cranium

A

made up of 4 bones

  • frontal
  • occipital
  • parietals
61
Q

face

A

made up of 14 bones

62
Q

the opening at the base of the skull to allow brain to connect to spinal cord inn the occipital bone

A

foramen magnum

63
Q

has 33 bones, divides into 5 sections

A

spinal column

64
Q

in the neck, 7 vertebrae

A

cervical

65
Q

12 vertebrae

A

thoracic

66
Q

5 vertebrae

A

lumbar

67
Q

5 fused vertebrae

A

sacrum

68
Q

4 fused vertebrae

A

coccyx

69
Q

what is made up of the shoulder girdle?

A

clavicle, humerus, and scapula

70
Q

chest cavity, formed by 12 thoracic vertebrae and 12 pairs of ribs

A

thorax

71
Q

what does the thoracic cavity consist of?

A

heart, lungs, esophagus, great vessels

72
Q

shoulder and hip, able to move in a ll directions

A

ball and socket joint

73
Q

knes and elbows, only able to move in one direction

A

hinge joints

74
Q

muscuskeletal muscles

A

consists of 600 muscles

75
Q

voluntary, attached to bones of the body

A

skeletal muscle

76
Q

involuntary, located in vessels, bronchi, urinary and GI tract

A

smooth muscle

77
Q

wavelike contraction of smooth muscle, occurs in these tubes to move urine to the bladder

A

peristalsis

78
Q

involuntary, has its own blood supply and electrical system, around the heart

A

cardiac muscle

79
Q

processing of food that nourishes the cells

A

digestions

80
Q

second major body cavity, contains major organs of dsifgestdion and excretion

A

abdomen

81
Q

contains liver, gallbladder, portions of the small/large intestines

A

right upper quadrant

82
Q

contains stomach, spleen, portions of the small/large intestines

A

left upper quadrant

83
Q

portions of the small/large intestines, appendix, female reproductive organs if female

A

right lower quadrant

84
Q

portions of small/large intestines and female reproductive organs if female

A

left lower quadrant

85
Q

ballooning of the abdominal aortic vessel

A

abdomina aortic aneurysm

86
Q

liver

A

solid organ

87
Q

gallbladder

A

hollow organ

88
Q

large/small intestines

A

hollow organs

89
Q

stomach

A

hollow organs

90
Q

appendix

A

hollow organ

91
Q

spleen

A

solid organ

92
Q

female reproductive organs

A

solid organs

93
Q

hollow organs

A

contains “nasty” inside

94
Q

solid organs

A

contains blood inside

95
Q

contains 3 organs

  • pancreas (both solid/hollow)
  • kidneys (solid)
  • adrenal glands (solid)
A

retroperitoneal

96
Q

upper airway

A

warms, filters, and humidifies

97
Q

lower airway

A

is sterile

98
Q

at the ends of bronchioles and are airway sacs that have capillary beds

A

alveoli

99
Q

contains 5 lobes

  • 2 on the left side
  • 3 on the right side
A

lungs

100
Q

protective airway structures

A

rib cage, cilia, epiglottis

101
Q

prevents food and liquid from entering trachea

A

epiglottis

102
Q

what is the dividing line of the lower and upper airway?

A

larynx

103
Q

what is the adams apple?

A

thyroid cartilage

104
Q

divides into right/left bronchi leading to bronchioles

A

trachea

105
Q

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide

A

diffusion

106
Q

inhalation

A

active process
diaphragm contracts downward
pressure in lungs decreases
intercostals muscles contracts outward

107
Q

exhalation

A

passive process

pressure in the lungs increases

108
Q

respiration

A

exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in alveoli and tissues

109
Q

ventilation

A

simple air movement into and out of the lungs

110
Q

brain stem

A

controls breathing

111
Q

respiratory center

A

controls breathing rate by primary chemo-receptors measuring carbon dioxide levels

112
Q

cardiac center

A

controls heart rate and measures oxygen levels (backup system, hypoxic drive) by baroreceptors measuring blood pressure

113
Q

what controls the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

114
Q

what does the circulatory system consist of?

A 
arteries
arterioles
veins
venules
capillaries

Emt (10 decks)

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