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Emt > Ch 10, 15, 11 > Flashcards

Ch 10, 15, 11 Flashcards

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1
Q

its major functions are to warm, filter, and humidify air as it enters the body through the nose and mouth

A

upper airway

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2
Q

what is the pharynx composed of?

A
  • nasopharynx
  • oropharynx
  • laryngopharynx
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3
Q

is sterile and delivers oxygen to the alveoli

A

lower airway

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4
Q

the space between the vocal cords and the narrowest portion of the adults airway

A

glottis

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5
Q

space between the lungs that contains the heart, great vessels, the esophagus, the trachea, major bronchi, and many nerves

A

mediastinum

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6
Q

the physical act of moving air into and out of the lungs

A

ventilation

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7
Q

the process of loading oxygen molecules onto hemoglobin molecules in the bloodstream

A

oxygenation

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8
Q

the actual exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the alveoli as well as tissues of the body

A

respiration

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9
Q

term used to describe the amount of gas in air or dissolved in fluid

A

partial pressure

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10
Q

what is the entire process of inspiration focused on?

A

delivering oxygen to the alveoli

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11
Q

“backup system” secondary control of breathing

A

hypoxic drive

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12
Q

failure to meet the body needs for oxygen

A

hypoxia

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13
Q

signs of hypoxia

A 
Early
 -restlessness
 -anxiety
 -tachycardia
Late
 -ALOC
 -thready pulse
 -cyanosis
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14
Q

the process of breathing fresh air into the respiratory system and exchanging oxygen and carbon dioxide between then alveoli and the blood in the pulmonary capillaries (pulmonary respiration)

A

external respiration

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15
Q

the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide between the systemic circulatory system and the cells of the body

A

internal respiration

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16
Q

what happens when there is no gas exchange?

A

results in lack of oxygen diffusing across the membrane and into circulation, carbon dioxide is recirculated within the bloodstream, and could lead to severe hypoxemia

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17
Q

what are the suction time limits for adult, children, and infants?

A

adult: 15 secs
children: 10 secs
infants: 5 secs

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18
Q

how do you measure the catheter for suctioning?

A

measure from the corner of the patients mouth to the edge of earlobe

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19
Q

what to do when a patient requires assisted ventilations who also produce a frothy secretion as soon as you suction?

A

suction patients airway for 15 seconds, then ventilate for two minutes; continue this till all secretions are cleared

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20
Q

oropharyngeal airway (opa) indications/contraindications

A
  • indications- create/maintain a patent airway in a unconscious patient with no gag reflex
  • contraindications-if the patient has a gag reflex
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21
Q

how do you insert a opa?

A
  • select size by measuring from the patients earlobe to the corner of the mouth
  • insert the airway with the tip facing the roof of the mouth
  • rotate the airway 180 degrees
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22
Q

nasopharyngeal airway (npa) indications/contraindications

A
  • indications-create/maintain a patent airway in a conscious or semiconscious patient with a gag reflex
  • contraindications-pediatric patient under 1 year of age (infant)
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23
Q

how do you insert a npa?

A
  • measure airway from the patients earlobe to the side/tip of the nose and the diameter of the patients small finger
  • insert with the bevel (cut part) facing the septum
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24
Q

how to place an oxygen cylinder into service?

A
  • “crack” the cylinder by slowly opening and then reclining the valve
  • place the regulator collar over the cylinder with the pins lined up and lock into place
  • open cylinder completely looking for leaks then connect the oxygen connective tubing to the flowmeter
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25
Q

normal oxygen range for COPD patients

A

88-92%

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26
Q

normal oxygen range for a healthy adult

A

94-98%

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27
Q

nasal cannula

A
  • low flow
  • 1-6 L/min
  • 24 to44% oxygen delivered
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28
Q

nonrebreathing mask with reservoir

A
  • make sure reservoir bag is filled before given to patient
  • high flow
  • 10 to 15 L/min
  • up to 95% oxygen delivered
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29
Q

bvm with reservoir

A
  • high flow
  • 15 L/min
  • nearly 100% oxygen delivered
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30
Q

mouth to mask device

A
  • 15 L/min

- nearly 55% oxygen delivered

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31
Q

s/s of inadequate ventilation

A
  • ALOC

- inadequate minute volume

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32
Q

steps to assist a patient ventilate with a bvm

A
  • place mask over patients mouths and nose
  • squeeze bag each time the patient breathes, maintain same rate as the patient
  • after initial 5 to 10 breaths, slowly adjust the rate and deliver appropriate tidal volume
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33
Q

inflation of the stomach with air

A

gastric distention

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34
Q

method of ventilation used primarily in the treatment of critically ill patients with respiratory distress

A

continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)

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35
Q

fluid in the bases

A

rales

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36
Q

bronchial constriction; heard during exhalation

A

wheezing

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37
Q

course bubbling

A

rhonchi

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38
Q

upper airway obstruction; heard during inhalation

A

stridor

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39
Q

indications for CPAP

A
  • severe asthma

- pulmonary edema

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40
Q

indications for nonrebreather mask

A

patients with:

  • actual or impending respiratory failure
  • traumatic brain injury
  • suspected or confirmed to toxins
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41
Q

indications for positive-pressure ventilations (bvm)

A

patients with:

  • inadequate respirations or tidal volume
  • respiratory failure
  • respiratory arrest
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42
Q

what to do with a patient with dentures?

A

if they are loose they should be removed

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43
Q

upper airway infection, inflammation and swelling of the pharynx, larynx, and trachea; viral infection

A

croup

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44
Q

upper airway infection, a life threatening inflammatory disease of the epiglottis; bacterial infection

A

epiglottitis

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45
Q

signs of epilottitis

A

fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, stridor and drooling

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46
Q

signs of croup

A

fever, chills, nausea/vomiting, stridor, barking seal cough

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47
Q

an infection in the lungs and breathing passages; highly contagious and spreads by droplets when a patient coughs or sneezes

A

respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)

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48
Q

lower airway infection, an infection of the lungs

A

pneumonia

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49
Q

signs of pneumonia

A

chest pain, fever, sweating, and warm

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50
Q

airborne bacterial infection, patient will be feverish and exhibit a “whoop” sound on inspiration after a coughing attack

A

pertussis (whooping cough)

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51
Q

a bacterial infection that affects the lungs

A

tuberculosis

52
Q

bsi when in contact of a tuberculosis patient

A

at minimum of gloves, eye protection, and N-95 respirator

53
Q

a buildup of fluid in the lungs

A

pulmonary edema

54
Q

s/s of acute pulmonary edema

A

dyspnea, frothy pink sputum, rales, near drowning, pneumonia, toxic gas inhalation, inhalation of super heated gases, and history of chronic CHF

55
Q

slow process of dilation and disruption of the airways and alveoli caused by chronic bronchial constriction

A

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)

56
Q

cyanotic, destruction of cilia, tend to be overweight, production of large quantities of sputum, productive cough

A

chronic bronchitis (blue bloaters)

57
Q

barrel chest, polycythemia, pursed lip breathing, hypoxic drive, and prone to spontaneous pneumothorax due to alveoli damage

A

emphysema (pink puffers)

58
Q

“wet” lung sounds

A

rhonchi, crackles

59
Q

“dry” lung sounds

A

wheezing

60
Q

who will have “wet” lung sounds?

A

patients with pulmonary edema caused often most by CHF

61
Q

who will have “dry” lung sounds?

A

patients with COPD

62
Q

treatment for acute pulmonary edema

A

provide 100% oxygen, suction if needed, position comfortably, provide CPAP if indicated, and transport promptly

63
Q

no pattern, depths/rates vary with pauses

A

ataxic breathing (biots)

64
Q

pattern of decreasing rate/depth until occurs followed by increasing rate/depth

A

cheyne-stokes respiration

65
Q

lack of spontaneous breathing

A

apnea

66
Q

air trapping and accessory muscle use

A

barrel chest

67
Q

excess of red blood cells

A

polycythemia

68
Q

loss of lung elasticity and to avoid atelectasis-collapse of alveoli

A

pursed lip breathing

69
Q

generic name for inhaler medication

A

albuterol

70
Q

indications for albuterol

A

s/s of severe respiratory distress (coughing, difficulty speaking, ands wheezing)
if the drug meets dicce

71
Q

contraindications of albuterol

A

patient can’t follow simple commands

patient has taken max amount of dosage

72
Q

side effects of albuterol

A

increased heart rate
nervousness
muscle tremors

73
Q

causes of pulmonary embolism

A 
Birth Control
Atrial Fibrillation
Deep vein thrombosis
Prolonged immobilization
Recent surgery
Long bone fracture 
Sickle cell anemia
(BADPRLS)
74
Q

s/s of hyperventilation

A

anxiety, numbness, dizziness, tachypnea, tingling in hands, feet, and lips, and a sense of dyspnea despite rapid breathing

75
Q

asthma, hay fever, and anaphylaxis are all a result of what?

A

an allergic reaction to an inhaled, ingested, or injected substance

76
Q

an acute spasm of the bronchioles associated with mucus production and with swelling of the mucous lining of the respiratory passages

A

asthma

77
Q

allergic rhinitis, cause cold like symptoms including runny nose, sneezing, congestion, and sinus pressure; symptoms are caused by outdoor airborne allergens such as pollen or inside allergens such as dust mites and pet dander

A

hay fever

78
Q

a severe allergic reaction characterized by airway swelling

A

anaphylaxis

79
Q

a collection of fluid outside the lung on one or both sides of the chest; happens in response to irritation, infection, CHF, or cancer

A

pleural effusion

80
Q

what will you hear with pleural effusion?

A

decreased lung sounds

81
Q

s/s of pulmonary emboli

A

dyspnea, tachycardia, tachypnea, various degrees of hypoxia, cyanosis, acute chest pain, hemoptysis

82
Q

the buildup of excess acid in the blood or the body tissues that results from the primary illness

A

acidosis

83
Q

the buildup of excess base (lack of acid) in the body fluids

A

alkalosis

84
Q

colorless, odorless, tasteless, and highly poisonous gas known as the “silent killer”

A

carbon monoxide

85
Q

genetic disorder that affects the lungs and digestive system

A

cystic fibrosis

86
Q

the study of the properties and effects of medications

A

pharmacology

87
Q

the process by which a medication works on the body

A

pharmacodynamics

88
Q

a medication that causes stimulation of receptors

A

agonist

89
Q

a medication that binds to a receptor and blocks other medications

A

antagonist

90
Q

the amount of medication given on the basis of the patients size and age

A

dose

91
Q

absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination

A

pharmacokinetics

92
Q

the therapeutic uses for a specific medication

A

indications

93
Q

conditions that make a particular medication or treatment inappropriate because it would not help, or may actually harm, a patient

A

contraindications

94
Q

any effects of a medication other than the desire ones

A

side effects

95
Q

the original chemical name of a medication

A

generic name

96
Q

the brand name that a manufacturer gives a medication

A

trade name

97
Q

medications that are distributed to the patient only by pharmacists according to a physicians order

A

prescription medications

98
Q

medications that may be purchased directly by a patient without a prescription

A

over the counter medications (OTC)

99
Q

medications that enter the body through the digestive system

A

enternal medications

100
Q

medications that enter the body by a route other than the digestive tract, skin, or mucous membranes

A

parenteral medications

101
Q

through the rectum; a medication delivery route

A

per rectum (PR)

102
Q

by mouth; a medication delivery route

A

oral

103
Q

an injection directly into a vein; a medication delivery route

A

intravenous injection (IV)

104
Q

an injection into the bone; a medication delivery route

A

intraosseous injection (IO)

105
Q

injection into the fatty tissue between the skin and the muscle; a medication delivery route

A

subcutaneous injection (SC)

106
Q

an injection into a muscle; a medication delivery route

A

intramuscular injection (IM)

107
Q

breathing into the lungs

A

inhalation

108
Q

under the tongue; a medication delivery route

A

sublingual

109
Q

through the skin; a medication delivery route

A

transcutaneous (transdermal)

110
Q

a delivery route in which a medication is pushed through a special atomizer device called a mucosal atomizer device into the naris

A

intranasal (IN)

111
Q

a device that is used to change a liquid medication into a spray and push it into a nostril

A

mucosal atomizer device (MAD)

112
Q

a liquid mixture that cannot be separated by filtering or allowing the mixture to stand

A

solution

113
Q

a mixture of ground particles that are distributed evenly throughout a liquid but do not dissolve

A

suspension

114
Q

a miniture spray canister through which droplets or particles of medication can be inhaled

A

metered-dose inhaler (MDI)

115
Q

a semiliquid substance that his administered orally in capsule form or through plastic tubes

A

gel

116
Q

an oral medication that binds and absorbs ingested toxins in the gastrointestinal tract for treatment of some poisonings and medication overdoses

A

activated charcoal

117
Q

a simple sugar that is readily absorbed by the bloodstream

A

oral glucose

118
Q

contraindications for aspirin

A

documented hypersensitivitys, existing liver damage, asthma, and bleeding disorders

119
Q

a medication that increases heart rate and blood pressure but also eases breathing problems by decreasing muscle tone of the bronchiole tree

A

epinephrine

120
Q

medication used to reverse the effect of an opioid overdose

A

naloxone

121
Q

indications of naloxone

A

s/s of respiratory depression in a suspected opiod overdose with pinpoint pupils

122
Q

inappropriate use of medication that could lead to patient harm

A

medication error

123
Q

what to do if medication error occurs?

A
  • provide appropriate patient care
  • notify medical control
  • document thoroughly, accurately, and honestly
  • talk with your supervisor or medical director
124
Q

what is dicce?

A 
Drug/Doctor
Integrity
Clarity 
Color
Expiration date
125
Q

what are the “six rights”?

A 
Right patient
Right medication
Right dose
Right route
Right time 
Right documentation

Emt (10 decks)

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