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Emt > Ch 25,26,27,29,30 > Flashcards

Ch 25,26,27,29,30 Flashcards

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1
Q

can penetrate skin but can be blocked by simple protective clothing

A

beta

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2
Q

have little penetrating energy and easily stopped by the skin

A

alpha

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3
Q

3 types of ionizing radiation

A

alpha
beta
gamma

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4
Q

any substance that allows a current to flow through

A

conductor

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5
Q

any substance that prevents this circuit from being completed

A

insulator

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6
Q

how to treat liquid chemicals?

A

immediately flush the burned area w/ large amounts of water

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7
Q

how to treat dry chemicals?

A

brush of chemical from skin and clothing before flushing the patient w/ water

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8
Q

occurs when a toxic substance contacts the body

A

chemical burn

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9
Q

burns caused by heat

A

thermal burns

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10
Q

spontaneous pneumothorax

A

occurs non-traumatically

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11
Q

how to tell the difference between or prevent progression of a pneumothorax to a tension pneumothorax?

A

listen to the lung sounds

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12
Q

burns that only affect the epidermis

A

superficial burns (first degree)

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13
Q

burns that involve the epidermis and some portion of the dermis

A

partial-thickness burns (second degree)

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14
Q

burns through all layers of the skin and involve subcutaneous layers, muscle, bone, or internal organs; carry white wax looking

A

full-thickness burns (third degree)

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15
Q

burn victims are at high risk for what?

A

infection
hypothermia
hypovolemia
shock

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16
Q

emergency care for burns

A

stop burning process w/ a lot of water
use dry, sterile, burn dressing
treat for shock

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17
Q

a wound of the superficial layer of the skin

A

abrasion

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18
Q

a jagged cut in the skin caused by a sharp object out a blunt force that tears tissue

A

laceration

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19
Q

a sharp, smooth cut

A

incision

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20
Q

an injury that separates various layers of soft tissue so they become either completely detached or hang as a flap

A

avulsion

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21
Q

treating an avulsion

A

replace flat avulsed flap in its original position if possible, then do steps to bleeding control

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22
Q

an injury resulting from a sharp, piercing object

A

penetrating wound

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23
Q

objects that penetrate the skin but remains in place

A

impaled object

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24
Q

the displacement of organs outside the body

A

evisceration

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25
Q

treatment for an evisceration

A

cover the wound w/ sterile gauze moistened w/ sterile saline solution and cover it w/ the plastic package

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26
Q

infected with rabies

A

rabid

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27
Q

lung collapses, no expansion
absent lung sounds
a lot of air in “potential space”

A

tension pneumothorax

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28
Q

symptoms of pericardial tamponade

A

narrow pulse pressure

muffled heart sounds

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29
Q

decreased lung sounds
respiratory distress
little air in the “potential space”

A

pneumothorax

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30
Q

emergency treatment of bites

A

apply a dry, sterile dressing
immobilize the area w/ a splint or bandage
provide transport to ED

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31
Q

a pattern of injuries seen after a severe force is applied to the chest, forcing blood from great vessels back into the head and neck

A

traumatic asphyxia

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32
Q

bruising of heart muscle

A

myocardial contusion

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33
Q

causes immediate cardiac arrest and v-fib

direct blow to the chest

A

commit cordis

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34
Q

s/s of Becks triad

A

listened jugular vein
narrowing pulse pressure
muffled heart sounds

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35
Q

cardiovascular system consists of 3 parts

A

pump
container
the fluid

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36
Q

what is the pump in the cardiovascular system?

A

the heart

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37
Q

what is the container in the cardiovascular system?

A

blood vessels that reach the cells in the body

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38
Q

what is the fluid in the cardiovascular system?

A

blood and body fluids

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39
Q

the smallest bronchioles of arteries leading top the vast network of capillaries

A

arterioles

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40
Q

a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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41
Q

the small blood vessels that connect arterioles and venules; various substances pass through capillary walls, into and out of the interstitial fluid, and then onto the cells

A

capillaries

42
Q

the blood vessels that carry from the tissues to the heart

A

veins

43
Q

very small, thin-walled blood vessels

A

venules

44
Q

cells in the brain and spinal cord will start to die after how long w/o perfusion?

A

4-6. minutes

45
Q

how long can the lungs survive w/o adequate perfusion?

A

15-20 minutes

46
Q

kidneys can survive how long w/o adequate perfusion?

A

45 minutes

47
Q

skeletal muscle starts to damage after how long w/o adequate perfusion?

A

2 hours

48
Q

how much blood can the body lose until adverse changes start to happen?

A

2 liters

49
Q

arterial bleeding

A

bright red and spurts out

50
Q

venous bleeding

A

dark red and steady flow

51
Q

capillary bleeding

A

dark red and oozes out slowly

52
Q

a hereditary condition in. which the patient lacks one or more of the bloods normal clotting factors

A

hemophilia

53
Q

common causes of non-traumatic internal bleeding

A

bleeding ulcers
bleeding from the colon
aneurysms
ruptured ectopic pregnancy

54
Q

coughing up bright red blood

A

hemoptysis

55
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

56
Q

vomiting of blood

A

hematemesis

57
Q

black, foul smelling tarry stool that contains digested blood due to GI bleeding

A

melena

58
Q

first signs of hypovolemic shock

A

anxiety

restlessness

59
Q

steps to bleeding control

A

direct pressure
elevation
pressure dressings (if blood is manageable)
tourniquets if necessary

60
Q

epistaxis

A

nosebleed

61
Q

blood vessels that supply blood to the heart muscles

A

coronary arteries

62
Q

lack of oxygen that derives tissues of necessary nutrients

A

ischemic

63
Q

how much blood can one side of the chest cavity hold?

A

3 liters

64
Q

what not to do after applying a tourniquet?

A

loosen it or take it off

65
Q

what does our skin protect us from?

A

external forces and infection

66
Q

what are 3 types of soft tissue injuries?

A

open injuries
closed injuries
burns

67
Q

injuries in which damage occurs beneath the skin or mucous membrane but the surface of the skin remains intact

A

closed injuries

68
Q

injuries in which there is break in the surface of the skin or the mucous membrane, exposing deeper tissue to potential contamination

A

open injuries

69
Q

injuries in which soft tissue damage occurs as a result of thermal/frictional heat, toxic chemicals, electricity, or nuclear radiation

A

burns

70
Q

cells within the dermis are damaged and small blood vessels are torn (bruise)

A

contusion

71
Q

blood collected within the body tissues or in a body cavity

A

hematoma

72
Q

what happens during a hematoma?

A

a large blood vessel is damaged and bleeds rapidly

73
Q

an injury that occurs when a great amount of force is applied to the body

A

crushing injury

74
Q

significant metabolic derangement that develops when crushed extremities or body parts remain trapped for prolonged periods, can lead to renal failure and death

A

crush syndrome

75
Q

swelling in a confined space that produces dangerous pressure, loss of CMS distal to the injury

A

compartment syndrome

76
Q

what can cause rectal bleeding?

A

sexual assault, rectal foreign bodies, hemorrhoids, colitis, ulcers of the digestive tract

77
Q

a one way valve that allows air to leave the chest cavity but not return

A

flutter valve

78
Q

a collection of blood in the plural cavity

A

hemothorax

79
Q

accumulation of blood and air in the pleural space of the chest

A

hemopnuemothorax

80
Q

how to treat a sucking chest wound?

A

use occlusive dressing
tape 3 sides
then listen to lung sounds

81
Q

an open or penetrating chest wall wound through which air passes during inspiration and expiration, creating a sucking sound

A

sucking chest wound

82
Q

average tidal volume for a man

A

500 mL

83
Q

an injury to the chest in which the skin is not broken

A

closed chest injury

84
Q

an injury to the chest in which the chest wall itself is penetrated by a fractured rib or by a external object

A

open chest injury

85
Q

more severe and often causes blood to drain into throat causing nausea and vomiting

A

posterior nosebleeds

86
Q

originate from the area of the septum and bleed fairly slowly

A

anterior nosebleeds

87
Q

characterized by bleeding into the anterior chamber of the eye

A

hyphema

88
Q

how do you remove a hard contact lens?

A

use a small suction cup, moistening the end w/saline

89
Q

when is its okay to remove a contact lens in the field?

A

a chemical burn in the eye

90
Q

produces flashing lights, specks, or floaters in field of vision

A

retinal detachment

91
Q

a fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit

A

blow out fractures

92
Q

how to treat for thermal burns in the eye?

A

cover both eyes w/ sterile dressing moistened w/ sterile saline
provide transport

93
Q

how long do you flush the eye?

A

20 minutes

94
Q

how do you flush the eye?

A

use normal saline and flush from medial to lateral

95
Q

inner surface of the eyelids

A

conjunctiva

96
Q

clear, jellylike fluid near the back of the eye

A

vitreous humor

97
Q

when to use occlusive dressings?

A

JVD

sucking chest wound

98
Q

very penetrating and easily passes through the body and solid materials

A

gamma

99
Q

what are considered minor burns?

A

full thickness burns covering less than 2% of the body surface area
partial-thickness burns covering less than 15% of the body total surface area
superficial burns covering less than 50% of the body total surface area

100
Q

what are considered moderate burns?

A

full thickness burns involving 2% to 10% of the body total surface area (excluding hands, feet, face, genitalia, and upper airway)
partial thickness burns covering 15 to 30% of the body total surface
superficial burns covering more than 50% of the body total surface area

101
Q

what are considered critical burns?

A

full thickness burns involving the hands, feet, face, upper airway, or genitalia or circumferential burns of other areas
full thickness burns covering more than 105 of the body total surface area
partial-thickness burns covering more than 30% of the body total surface area
burns associated w/ respiratory injury
burns on patients younger than 5 and older than 55

Emt (10 decks)

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