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Emt > cardiovascualar emergencies > Flashcards

cardiovascualar emergencies Flashcards

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1
Q

loss of potency in nitroglycerin

A
  • if its exposed to sunlight

- patient may not experience the normal burning sensation and headache that often accompany nitroglycerin administration

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2
Q

difficulty breathing while lying flat, often graded in severity by how many pillows required to breath comfortably when sleeping

A

orthopnea

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3
Q

forms of nitroglycerin

A
  • a small white pill
  • spray
  • skin patch
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4
Q

occurs when the inner layers of the aorta become seperated, allowing blood (at high pressures) to flow between the layers

A

dissecting aneurysm

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5
Q

weakness in the wall of the aorta; aorta dilates at the weakened area which makes it susceptible to rupture

A

aortic aneurysm

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6
Q

disorganized, ineffective quivering of the ventricles

A

ventricular fibrillation

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7
Q

an abnormal enlargement of the wall of a blood vessel that results from weakening of the vessel wall

A

aneurysm

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8
Q

rapid heart rhythm, usually at a rate of 15o to 200 beats/min

A

ventricular tachycardia

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9
Q

rapid beating of the heart, 100 b eats/min or more

A

tachycardia

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10
Q

edema swelling of legs, feet, and ankles

A

pitty, pedal, or dependent edema

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11
Q

a blood clot that is floating through blood vessels until it reaches an area too narrow for it to pass, causing it to stop and block the blood flow at that point

A

thromboembolism

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12
Q

cholesterol build up and form a plaque inside the walls of blood vessels, obstructing and interfering with they ability to dilate and contract

A

atherosclerosis

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13
Q

relieves pain for angina; relaxes the. muscles of blood vessel walls, dilates coronary arteries, increases blood flow and the supply of oxygen to the heart muscle, and decreases the workload of the heart

A

nitroglycerin

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14
Q

2 defibrillation rhythms

A
  • v-fib

- pulseless v-tach

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15
Q

unusually slow beating of the heart, 60 beats/min or less

A

bradycardia

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16
Q

guiding principles to use ECG

A
  • to maintain the correct lead placement, it may occasionally be necessary to shave body hair from the electrode site
  • rub the electrode site briskly with an alcohol swab before application
  • attrach the electrodes to the ECG cables before placed
  • turn it on
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17
Q

what will left sided heart failure cause?

A

pulmonary edema

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18
Q

heart tissues aren’t getting enough oxygen; commonly described as a crushing pain

A

angina pectoris

19
Q

death of heart tissues; occurs if blood flow is cut off and not restored

A

myocardial necrosis

20
Q

s/s of acute myocardial infarction

A
  • sudden onset of weakness, nausea and sweating
  • pain, discomfort, or pressure in the lower jaw, arms, back, abdomen, or neck
  • irregular heartbeat and syncope (fainting)
  • shortness of breath or dyspnea
  • sudden death
21
Q

s/s of chf

A
  • orthopnea
  • hypertension/rapid or irregular pulse due to shunting of blood
  • edema swelling of legs, feet, and ankles
  • edema swelling of abdomen, liver, spleen, and lungs
22
Q

what will right sided heart failure cause?

A

dependent, pedal, or pitty edema

23
Q

edema swelling of abdomen, liver, spleen, and lungs

A

pulmonary edema or rales

24
Q
  • 60-100 bpm
  • regular rhythm
  • P wave before QRST
  • .12-.20 from P to Q
  • < .12 secs of QRS
A

normal sinus rhythm (nsr)

25
Q

a cardiac muscle cell to contract spontaneously without a stimulus from a nerve cell

A

automaticity

26
Q

shortness of breath

A

dyspnea

27
Q

the amount of force the heart has to beat against

A

peripheral vascular resistance (per)

28
Q

a blockage occurs in the coronary arteries; causing as classic heart attack

A

acute myocardial infarction

29
Q

“clot busting” medications

A

thrombolytic and fibrinolytic

30
Q

atrial depolarization; makes it a sinus rhythm

A

P waves

31
Q

caused by damage to the heart; enlarged left ventricle (myocardial hypertrophy); fluid backs up into the lungs or body as heart fails to pump

A

congestive heart failure (chf)

32
Q

abnormal arrhythmia heart rhythms

A
  • sinus tachycardia

- sinus bradycardia

33
Q

s/s of a dissecting aortic aneurysm

A
  • sudden chest pain located in the anterior part of the chest or in the back between the shoulder blades
  • difference in blood pressure between arms
  • diminished pulses in the lower extremities
34
Q

to shock the heart with a specialized electric current in an attempt to stop the chaotic, disorganized contraction of the myocardial cells and allow them to start again in a synchronized manner top restore a normal rhythmic beat

A

defibrillate

35
Q

usually occurs only with a systolic pressure greater than 180 mm Hg or a rapid rise in the systolic pressure

A

hypertensive emergency

36
Q

the absence of all heart electrical activity

A

asystole

37
Q

s/s of hypertensive emergency

A
  • sudden severe headache
  • strong bounding pulse
  • ringing in the ears
  • nausea and vomiting
  • dizziness
  • warm skin (dry and moist)
  • nosebleed
  • ALOC
  • sudden development of pulmonary edema
38
Q

ventricular repolarization

A

T waves

39
Q

medication that prevents clots from forming or getting bigger

A

aspirin

40
Q

who is at risk for silent myocardial infarctions?

A

geriatric females and diabetics

41
Q

pain in the chest occurs when there heart doesn’t receive enough oxygen

A

ischemic heart disease

42
Q

ventricular depolarization

A

QRS complex

43
Q

contraindications of nitroglycerin

A
  • patient has taken 3 doses (prior per this episode)
  • last dose was less than 5 minutes ago
  • patient has taken a sexually enhancement drug with 48-72 hours
  • ALOC
  • systolic pressure of less than 100 mm Hg
  • head injury

Emt (10 decks)

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