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Emt > Ch 12,24,28,31 > Flashcards

Ch 12,24,28,31 Flashcards

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1
Q

3 common examples of obstructive shock

A

tension pneumothorax
cardiac tamponade
pulmonary embolism

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2
Q

carry information from the CNS to the muscles

A

motor nerves

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3
Q

what do the connecting nerves in the spinal cord form?

A

reflex arc

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4
Q

what is ecchymosis?

A

a bruise

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5
Q

bruising that develops under the eyes

A

raccoon eyes

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6
Q

classic signs of shock

A

cool
pale
thready pulse
diaphorteic

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7
Q

3 things epinephrine does

A

shunts blood to the core
makes heart race
powerful bronchiole dilator

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8
Q

3 causes of shock

A

pump failure
low fluid volume
poor vessel function

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9
Q

pump failure will cause what type of shock?

A

cardiogenic shock

obstructive shock

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10
Q

poor vessel function causes what type of shock?

A

distributive shock

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11
Q

types of distributive shock

A

septic shock
neurogenic shock
anaphylactic shock
psychogenic shock

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12
Q

how to stabilize pelvic fractures?

A

sheet splits;it with rigid splint and pillows

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13
Q

general rules to splinting

A

CMS before/after splinting
almost always splint in position found
splint must extend passed the 2 nearest uninjured joints above and below injury
don’t tape pr strap over injuries or uninjured joints

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14
Q

when is it okay to not splint in position found?

A

angular injury that has no CMS distal to the injury

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15
Q

treatment for impaled objects

A

wrap/secure in dressings

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16
Q

when is it okay to move an implied object?

A

if in the way to do CPR

if it obstructs the airway

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17
Q

toxins damage vessel walls, causing leaking and umpiring ability to contract, leads to dilation of vessels and loss of plasma (severe infection)

A

septic shock

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18
Q

low fluid volume causes what type off shock ?

A

hypovolemic shock

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19
Q

not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart

A

cardiogenic shock

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20
Q

presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area

A

edema

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21
Q

build up of fluid in the pulmonary tissue, leads to impaired respiration which may be manifested by man increased respiratory rate and abnormal lung sounds

A

pulmonary edema

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22
Q

4 common cause s of anaphylactic shock

A

injection
stings
inhalation
ingestion

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23
Q

circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation, seen in patients w/ spinal cord injuries

A

neurogenic shock

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24
Q

severe shock caused by an allergic reaction

A

anaphylactic shock

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25
Q

widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venues, or both

A

distributive shock

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26
Q

sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting

A

psychogenic shock

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27
Q

compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac

A

cardiac tamponade

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28
Q

blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels

A

pulmonary embolism

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29
Q

a block to blood flow in the heart our great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body tissues

A

obstructive shock

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30
Q

insufficient concentration of oxygen in the blood

A

respiratory insufficiency

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31
Q

shock cause=d by fluid or blood loss

A

hypovolemic shock

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32
Q

body can still compensate for blood loss

A

compensated shock

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33
Q

late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling

A

decompensated shock

34
Q

treatment for hypovolemic shock

A

provide oxygen
keep warm
shock position

35
Q

treatment for neurogenic shock

A

provide spinal immobilization

36
Q

treatment for anaphylactic shock

A

administer epinephrine (auto-injector)

37
Q

treatment for cardiogenic shock

A

fowlers position

administer high flow oxygen

38
Q

the energy for a moving object

A

kinetic energy

39
Q

bruising behind one ear over the mastoid process

A

battle signas

40
Q

usually following diffuse impact to the heard, generally a result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull

A

basilar skull fracture

41
Q

signs of a basil skull fracture

A

CSF
raccoon eyes
battle signs

42
Q

an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater, happens super fast

A

epidural hematoma

43
Q

an accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain (slow)

A

subdural hematoma

44
Q

the measure of force over distance

A

work

45
Q

an impact on the body objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities

A

blunt trauma

46
Q

very common cause of death associated w/ motor vehicle crashes

A

lateral crashes

47
Q

injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the surface of the bodying the injure the underlying soft tissues, internal organs, and the body cavities

A

penetrating trauma

48
Q

injuries are caused by the sharp edges of the object moving through the. body

A

low energy penetrations

49
Q

a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullets path

A

cavitation

50
Q

act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment

A

traction

51
Q

blood in the urine

A

hematuria

52
Q

the patient is hurled by the force of the explosion against a stationary object

A

teritary blast injuries

53
Q

miscellaneous injuries include burns from hot gases or fires starters by the blast; respiratory injury from inhaling toxic gases; crush injuries from the collapse of buildings

A

quaternary blast injuries

54
Q

air entering the veins

A

air embolism

55
Q

when air is trapped in the subcutaneous tissue, produces a crackling sound or feeling when palpated

A

subcutaneous emphysema

56
Q

elevated pressure within a fascial compartment, loss of CMS distal the injury

A

compartment syndrome

57
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments

A

comminuted

58
Q

a fracture that occurs in a growth section of a Childs bone and may lead to growth abnormalities

A

epiphyseal

59
Q

a grating or grinding sensation

A

crepitus

60
Q

an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone

A

greenstick

61
Q

three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal

A

meninges

62
Q

this layer forms a sac to contain the CNS, w/ small openings through which the peripheral nerves exit

A

dura meter

63
Q

inner two layers of the meninges that contain the blood vessels that nourish the brain and the spinal cord

A

arachnoid and pia mater

64
Q

carries information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord

A

sensory nerves

65
Q

a fracture that doesn’t run completely through the bone

A

incomplete

66
Q

a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone

A

oblique

67
Q

a fracture of weakened or diseased bone

A

pathologic

68
Q

a fracture caused by twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral shaped break in the bone

A

spiral

69
Q

treatments for sprain/ strains

A 
RICES
Rest
Ice
Compression
Elevation
Splinting
70
Q

a fracture that occurs straight across the bone

A

transverse

71
Q

a joint that is Locke into position is difficult and painful to move

A

locked joint

72
Q

supporting capsule/ligaments are stretched or torn

A

sprain

73
Q

caused by hand guns and some rifles

A

medium-velocity injuries

74
Q

caused by military injuries

A

high-velocity injuries

75
Q

due entirely to the blast itself

A

primary blast injuries

76
Q

increased blood pressure (hypertensive)
decreased heart rate (bradycardia)
irregular respirations such as cheyne-stokes respirations and Biot respirations

A

bushings triad

77
Q

damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris

A

secondary blast injuries

78
Q

stretching or tearing of the muscle and/or tendon

A

strain

79
Q

what are tractions splints for?

A

isolated mid shaft femur fracture

80
Q

involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself (fast)

A

intracerebral hematoma

81
Q

a patient with unequal pupils and no MOI is experiencing what?

A

cerebrovascular accident (stroke)

Emt (10 decks)

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