Ch 12,24,28,31 Flashcards
3 common examples of obstructive shock
tension pneumothorax
cardiac tamponade
pulmonary embolism
carry information from the CNS to the muscles
motor nerves
what do the connecting nerves in the spinal cord form?
reflex arc
what is ecchymosis?
a bruise
bruising that develops under the eyes
raccoon eyes
classic signs of shock
cool
pale
thready pulse
diaphorteic
3 things epinephrine does
shunts blood to the core
makes heart race
powerful bronchiole dilator
3 causes of shock
pump failure
low fluid volume
poor vessel function
pump failure will cause what type of shock?
cardiogenic shock
obstructive shock
poor vessel function causes what type of shock?
distributive shock
types of distributive shock
septic shock
neurogenic shock
anaphylactic shock
psychogenic shock
how to stabilize pelvic fractures?
sheet splits;it with rigid splint and pillows
general rules to splinting
CMS before/after splinting
almost always splint in position found
splint must extend passed the 2 nearest uninjured joints above and below injury
don’t tape pr strap over injuries or uninjured joints
when is it okay to not splint in position found?
angular injury that has no CMS distal to the injury
treatment for impaled objects
wrap/secure in dressings
when is it okay to move an implied object?
if in the way to do CPR
if it obstructs the airway
toxins damage vessel walls, causing leaking and umpiring ability to contract, leads to dilation of vessels and loss of plasma (severe infection)
septic shock
low fluid volume causes what type off shock ?
hypovolemic shock
not enough oxygen is delivered to the tissues of the body, caused by low output of blood from the heart
cardiogenic shock
presence of abnormally large amounts of fluid between cells in body tissues, causing swelling of the affected area
edema
build up of fluid in the pulmonary tissue, leads to impaired respiration which may be manifested by man increased respiratory rate and abnormal lung sounds
pulmonary edema
4 common cause s of anaphylactic shock
injection
stings
inhalation
ingestion
circulatory failure caused by paralysis of the nerves that control the size of the blood vessels, leading to widespread dilation, seen in patients w/ spinal cord injuries
neurogenic shock
severe shock caused by an allergic reaction
anaphylactic shock
widespread dilation of the small arterioles, small venues, or both
distributive shock
sudden reaction of the nervous system that produces a temporary, generalized vascular dilation, resulting in fainting
psychogenic shock
compression of the heart as the result of buildup of blood or other fluid in the pericardial sac
cardiac tamponade
blood clot that occurs in the pulmonary circulation and blocks the flow of blood through the pulmonary vessels
pulmonary embolism
a block to blood flow in the heart our great vessels, causing an insufficient blood supply to the body tissues
obstructive shock
insufficient concentration of oxygen in the blood
respiratory insufficiency
shock cause=d by fluid or blood loss
hypovolemic shock
body can still compensate for blood loss
compensated shock
late stage of shock when blood pressure is falling
decompensated shock
treatment for hypovolemic shock
provide oxygen
keep warm
shock position
treatment for neurogenic shock
provide spinal immobilization
treatment for anaphylactic shock
administer epinephrine (auto-injector)
treatment for cardiogenic shock
fowlers position
administer high flow oxygen
the energy for a moving object
kinetic energy
bruising behind one ear over the mastoid process
battle signas
usually following diffuse impact to the heard, generally a result from extension of a linear fracture to the base of the skull
basilar skull fracture
signs of a basil skull fracture
CSF
raccoon eyes
battle signs
an accumulation of blood between the skull and the dura mater, happens super fast
epidural hematoma
an accumulation of blood beneath the dura mater but outside the brain (slow)
subdural hematoma
the measure of force over distance
work
an impact on the body objects that cause injury without penetrating soft tissues or internal organs and cavities
blunt trauma
very common cause of death associated w/ motor vehicle crashes
lateral crashes
injury by objects that pierce and penetrate the surface of the bodying the injure the underlying soft tissues, internal organs, and the body cavities
penetrating trauma
injuries are caused by the sharp edges of the object moving through the. body
low energy penetrations
a phenomenon in which speed causes a bullet to generate pressure waves, which cause damage distant from the bullets path
cavitation
act of pulling on a body structure in the direction of its normal alignment
traction
blood in the urine
hematuria
the patient is hurled by the force of the explosion against a stationary object
teritary blast injuries
miscellaneous injuries include burns from hot gases or fires starters by the blast; respiratory injury from inhaling toxic gases; crush injuries from the collapse of buildings
quaternary blast injuries
air entering the veins
air embolism
when air is trapped in the subcutaneous tissue, produces a crackling sound or feeling when palpated
subcutaneous emphysema
elevated pressure within a fascial compartment, loss of CMS distal the injury
compartment syndrome
a fracture in which the bone is broken into more than two fragments
comminuted
a fracture that occurs in a growth section of a Childs bone and may lead to growth abnormalities
epiphyseal
a grating or grinding sensation
crepitus
an incomplete fracture that passes only partway through the shaft of a bone
greenstick
three distinct layers of tissue that surround and protect the brain and the spinal cord within the skull and the spinal canal
meninges
this layer forms a sac to contain the CNS, w/ small openings through which the peripheral nerves exit
dura meter
inner two layers of the meninges that contain the blood vessels that nourish the brain and the spinal cord
arachnoid and pia mater
carries information from the body to the brain via the spinal cord
sensory nerves
a fracture that doesn’t run completely through the bone
incomplete
a fracture in which the bone is broken at an angle across the bone
oblique
a fracture of weakened or diseased bone
pathologic
a fracture caused by twisting or spinning force, causing a long, spiral shaped break in the bone
spiral
treatments for sprain/ strains
RICES Rest Ice Compression Elevation Splinting
a fracture that occurs straight across the bone
transverse
a joint that is Locke into position is difficult and painful to move
locked joint
supporting capsule/ligaments are stretched or torn
sprain
caused by hand guns and some rifles
medium-velocity injuries
caused by military injuries
high-velocity injuries
due entirely to the blast itself
primary blast injuries
increased blood pressure (hypertensive)
decreased heart rate (bradycardia)
irregular respirations such as cheyne-stokes respirations and Biot respirations
bushings triad
damage to the body results from being struck by flying debris
secondary blast injuries
stretching or tearing of the muscle and/or tendon
strain
what are tractions splints for?
isolated mid shaft femur fracture
involves bleeding within the brain tissue itself (fast)
intracerebral hematoma
a patient with unequal pupils and no MOI is experiencing what?
cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
