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Emt > Ch 21, 32, 22, 20 > Flashcards

Ch 21, 32, 22, 20 Flashcards

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1
Q

any substance whose chemical; acton can damage body structures or impair body function

A

poison

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2
Q

a poisonous substance produced by bacteria, animals, or plants

A

toxins

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3
Q

the misuse of any substance to produce a desire effect

A

substance abuse

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4
Q

toxic or lethal dose of a substance

A

overdose

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5
Q

4 routes of poison

A

ingestion
inhalation
absorption
injection

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6
Q

examples of inhaled poisons

A

natural gases, sewer gas, certain pesticides, carbon monoxide, and chlorine

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7
Q

s/s of absorbed poisons

A

a history of exposure
liquid or powder on a patients skin
burns, itches, irritation, redness of the skin
typical odors of the substances

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8
Q

what to do if someone has been exposed to a dry powder?

A

brush off chemical from skin and clothing then flush the skin with water for 20 minutes

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9
Q

a form, provided by manufacturers and compounders of chemicals, containing info about chemical composition, physical and chemical properties, health and safety hazards, emergency response, and waste disposal of a specific material

A

material safety data sheet (MSDS)

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10
Q

s/s of ingested poison

A

burns around the mouth, gastrointestinal pain, vomitus, cardiac dysrhythmias, or seizures

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11
Q

how to determine the nature of poison?

A

take suspicious materials, containers., vomitus to the hospital (save the vomitus)

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12
Q

examples of injected poisons

A

intravenous drug abuse and envenomation such as insects, arachnids, and reptiles

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13
Q

s/s of injected poisons

A

weakness, dizziness, fever, chills, and unresponsiveness or the patient may be easily excited

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14
Q

the need for increasing amounts of a drug to obtain the same effect

A

tolerance

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15
Q

know drug users have a fairly high incidence of serious and undiagnosed infections such as:

A

HIV and hepatitis

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16
Q

what is alcohol?

A

a powerful CNS depressant

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17
Q

what can alcohol cause to a patient?

A

aggression, inappropriate behavior, and lack of coordination

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18
Q

a severe withdrawal syndrome seen in alcoholics who are deprived of ethyl alcohol

A

delirium tremens (DTs)

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19
Q

s/s of DTs

A

agitation/restlessness, fever, sweating, tremors, confusion and/or disorientation, delusions and/or hallucinations and seizures

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20
Q

a drug that produces sleep or altered mental status

A

narcotic

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21
Q

a type of narcotic medication used to relieve pain

A

opioid

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22
Q

a subset of the opioid family, and refers to natural, non-synthetic opioids

A

opiate

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23
Q

s/s of opioid overdose

A

are a CNS depressant and can cause severe respiratory distress, nausea, vomiting, may lead to hypotension, unconsciousness, cyanosis, pinpoint pupils

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24
Q

an antidote that reverses the effects of opiate or opioid overdose

A

naloxone (narcan)

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25
Q

indications of activated charcoal

A

medication OD

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26
Q

contraindications of activated charcoal

A

ingestion of an acid, alkali, or petroleum

patient w/ decreased LOC and unable to swallow

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27
Q

activated charcoal dosage for an adult and for children?

A

adult: 25 to 50g
children: 12.5 to 25 g

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28
Q

s/s of aspirin OD

A

nausea/vomiting, hyperventilation, ringing in ears, confusion, seizures

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29
Q

treatment for sedative-hypnotics OD patients

A

create patent airway
assist ventilations
provide prompt transport

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30
Q

examples of narcotics (opiates)

A

morphine
codeine
methadone

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31
Q

s/s of sedative-hypnotics OD

A

slurred speech, sedation or coma, hypoventilation, hypotension

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32
Q

s/s of sympathomimetics OD

A

hypertension, tachycardia, dilated pupils, agitation or seizures, hyperthermia

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33
Q

CNS stimulants that mimic the effects of the sympathetic nervous system

A

sympathomimetics

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34
Q

a highly toxic, colorless, flammable gas with a distinctive rotten-egg odor

A

hydrogen sulfide

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35
Q

s/s of chronic exposure to hydrogen sulfide

A

inability to smell the gas, nausea/vomiting, confusion, dyspnea, loss of consciousness, seizures, shock, coma, and cardiac arrest

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36
Q

why are acute cocaine overdoes a genuine emergency?

A

patients are at high risk for seizures, cardiac dysrhythmia and stroke

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37
Q

what chemical produces its high in marijuana ?

A

THC

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38
Q

a variety of herbal incense or smoking blends that resemble THC and produce a similar high

A

synthetic marijuana or “spice”

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39
Q

alter a persons sensory perceptions

A

hallucinogens

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40
Q

types of hallucinogens

A

LSD, mushrooms, PCP (angel dust), mescaline and peyote

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41
Q

s/s of hallucinogens

A

separate user from reality

hypertension, tachycardia, anxiety, and paranoia

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42
Q

medications that block the parasympathetic nerves

A

anticholinergic agents

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43
Q

types of anticholinergic

A

atropine, benadryl, jimsonweed,

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44
Q

medications that overstimulate the normal body functions controlled by the parasympathetic nervous system

A

cholinergic agents

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45
Q

type of cholinergic

A

organophosphate insecticide

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46
Q

3 things PCP does

A

causes anger/aggression
stimulates adrenal glands (makes a bit stronger)
doesn’t feel any pain

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47
Q

s/s of PCP

A

will look crazy, dilated pupils, horizontal nystagmus

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48
Q

pupils move side to side very rapidly

A

horizontal nystagmus

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49
Q

what is DUMBELS?

A 
Diarrhea
Urination
Miosis (contraction of pupils)
Bradycardia, Bronchiospasm
Emesis
Lacrimation (excessive tearing)
Seizures, Salivation, Sweating
50
Q

what is SLUDGEM?

A 
Salivation, Sweating
Lacrimation
Urination
Defecation, Drooling, Diarrhea
Gastric upset and cramps
Emesis
Muscle twitching/Miosis
51
Q

what is the duo dote auto injector?

A

single auto injector that contains 2mg of atropine and 600mg of pralidoxime

52
Q

a condition characterized by severe gastrointestinal symptoms within 72 hours of ingestion

A

salmonella

53
Q

a quick to grow and produce toxins in food that have ben prepared in advance and kept too long

A

staphylococcus

54
Q

the most severe form of toxin ingestion, often-fatal disease usually results from eating improperly canned food

A

botulism

55
Q

treatment for plant poisoning

A

assess airway and vital signs
notify regional poison center
take plant to the ED
provide prompt transport

56
Q

psychiatric emergency includes patients of all ages who exhibit agitated, violent, or uncooperative behavior or who are a danger to themselves or others

A

behavioral crisis

57
Q

a temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain caused by a disturbance in the physical or physiologic functioning of the brain tissue

A

organic brain syndrome

58
Q

a physiological disorder that impairs bodily function when the body seems to be structurally normal

A

functional disorders

59
Q

types of functional disorders

A

schizophrenia, anxiety conditions and depression

60
Q

a complex, difficult to identify mental disorder

A

schizophrenia

61
Q

s/s of schizophrenia

A

delusions, hallucinations, lack of interest in pleasure and erratic speech

62
Q

a condition of impairment in cognitive function that can present with disorientation, hallucinations, or delusions

A

delirium

63
Q

a behavior characterized by restless and irregular physical activity

A

agitation

64
Q

s/s of agitated delirium

A

hyperactive irrational behavior
hypertension
tachycardia
dilated pupils

65
Q

what is the single most significant factor that contributes to suicide ?

A

depression

66
Q

s/s of PTSD

A

helplessness, anxiety, anger, and fear

67
Q

the body exaggerated immune response to an internal or surface agent

A

allergic reaction

68
Q

chemical substances released by the immune system in allergic reactions that are responsible for many of the symptoms of anaphylaxis

A

histamines

69
Q

chemical substances that contribute to anaphylaxis, released by the immune system in allergic reactions

A

leukotrienes

70
Q

an extreme allergic reaction that is life threatening and involves multiple organ systems; can rapidly result in shock and death

A

anaphylaxis

71
Q

hives

A

urticaria

72
Q

most common allegens

A

food, medication, plants, chemicals and insect bites/stings

73
Q

what will patients experience in more severe cases of anaphylaxis ?

A

bronchospasm and wheezing and hypotension

74
Q

how to remove and insect stinger?

A

scrape the skin with the edge of a sharp, stiff object

75
Q

dosage for adults and children for an Epipen?

A

adults: .3 mg

child/infant: .15 mg

76
Q

s/s of a black and brown widow bite

A

severe muscle cramping, nausea,respioratory distress and swelling around the site, damages nerve tissue (neurotoxin)

77
Q

brown recluse side bite

A

tissue damage (hemotoxin or cytotoxin)

78
Q

treatment for snakebites

A

splint and keep below heart

(DOT says to use constricting bands)

79
Q

factors to consider during assessment of patient for exposure to hot or cold environment

A

physical condition
age
nutrition/hydratiomn
environmental conditions

80
Q

the transfer of heat from a part of the body to a colder object or substance by direct contact

A

conduction

81
Q

occurs when the heat is transferred to circulating air

A

convection

82
Q

sweating cools the body

A

evaporation

83
Q

causes heat loss, such as when person stands Iona cold room

A

radiation

84
Q

causes body heat loss as warm air in the lungs is exhaled into the atmosphere and cooler air is inhaled

A

respiration

85
Q

body temperature falls below 95 degrees

A

hypothermia

86
Q

who is more susceptible for hypothermia ?

A

homeless, swimmers, geriatric, pediatric, and ill people

87
Q

the skin may freeze whereas deeper tissue are unaffected

A

frostnip

88
Q

core temp is greater than 93.2; patient is usually alert, shivering, pule/respiration rate are usually rapid

A

mild hypothermia

89
Q

core temp is less than 90, shivering stops and muscular activity decreases

A

moderate hypothermia

90
Q

core temp is less than 80, all cardiorespiratory activity may cease and patient may appear dead

A

severe hypothermia

91
Q

occurs after prolonged exposure to cold water

A

immersion foot

92
Q

the tissues are actually frozen

A

frostbite

93
Q

a high core temp of 101 or higher

A

hyperthermia

94
Q

painful muscle spasms that occur after vigorous exercise

A

heat cramps

95
Q

a heat emergency in which a significant amount of fluid and electrolyte loss occurs because of heavy sweating

A

heat exhaustion

96
Q

s/s of heat exhaustion

A

dizziness, weakness, cold clammy skin, normal vital signs although pulse is rapid and weak, normal or slightly elevated body temp

97
Q

occurs when the body is subjected to more heat than it can handle

A

heat stroke

98
Q

patients with heat stroke have what?

A

hot dry flushed skin

99
Q

general management of cold emergencies

A

remove from cold environment
handle gently
don’t massage extremities
don’t let walk, eat, or smoke

100
Q

frostbitten extremity treatment

A

cushion and splint

101
Q

when to assume spinal injuries in submersion incidents?

A

if it was resulted from a diving mishap or fall from significant height, patient is conscious but reports weakness, paralysis or numbness or unconscious

102
Q

treatment for heat stroke

A

move patient out of hot environment

apply cold packs to armpits neck and groin

103
Q

what are decent problems caused by ?

A

the sudden pressure on the body as the person dives deeper into the water

104
Q

a condition involving bubbles of air in the blood vessels

A

air embolism

105
Q

s/s of air embolism

A

blotching, froth, dyspnea, dizziness, nausea, dysphasia, coughing, cyanosis, difficulty with vision, irregular pulse and cardiac arrest, paralysis, coma

106
Q

a painful condition seen in divers who ascend too quickly; in which gas forms bubbles in blood vessels and other tissues (“bends”)

A

decompression sickness

107
Q

caused by the difference between the surrounding atmospheric pressure and the total gas pressure in various tissues, fluids, and cavities of the body

A

dynamism injuries

108
Q

what are coral snakes ?

A

neurotoxin

109
Q

pit vipers are considered what type of snakes?

A

hemotoxin or cytoxin

110
Q

what are pit vipers ?

A

rattlesnakes, copperheads, and cottonmouths

111
Q

scorpion stings are what?

A

neurotoxin

112
Q

s/s of a pit viper bite

A

severe burning pain at the site of the injury followed by swelling and blue discoloration

113
Q

mild lighting burn

A

loss of consciousness, amnesia, confusion, tingling, burns

114
Q

moderate lighting burns

A

seizures, respiratory arrest, dysrhthmias, superficial burns

115
Q

severe lightning burns

A

cardiac arrest

116
Q

what is HACE?

A

high altitude cerebral edema

117
Q

what is HAPE?

A

high altitude pulmonary edema

118
Q

when is oxygen diminished in the air ?

A

altitudes above 8,000 ft

119
Q

diminished oxygen from high altitude can cause what?

A

acute mountain sickness

120
Q

treatment for HAPE/HACE

A

provide oxygen, descend to a lower environment, prompt transport

Emt (10 decks)

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