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Emt > Ch 17, 18, 19 > Flashcards

Ch 17, 18, 19 Flashcards

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1
Q

different types of headaches

A

tension headaches
migraines
sinus headaches

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2
Q

caused by muscle contractions in the head and the neck and are attributed to stress; pain feels like a squeezing, dull, or an ache

A

tension headaches

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3
Q

caused by changes of blood vessel size in the base of the brain; pain is described as pending, throbbing, or pulsating

A

migraine

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4
Q

caused by pressure that is the result of fluid accumulation in the sinus cavities

A

sinus headaches

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5
Q

an interruption of blood flow to an area within the brain that results in the loss of brain function

A

cerebrovascular accident (CVA) or stroke

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6
Q

2 types of stroke

A

ischemic

hemorrhagic

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7
Q

when blood flow to a particular part of the brain its stopped by a blockage (blood clot) inside the blood vessel

A

ischemic stroke

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8
Q

a blood clot, either in the arterial or venous system

A

thrombosis

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9
Q

a blood clot or other substance in the circulatory system that travels to a blood vessel where it causes a blockage

A

embolus

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10
Q

occurs as result of bleeding inside the brain

A

hemorrhagic stroke

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11
Q

a swelling or enlargement of the wall artery resulting from a defect or weakening of the arterial wall

A

aneurysm

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12
Q

a disorder of the brain in which brain cells temporarily stop functioning because of insufficient oxygen, causing stroke-like symptoms that resolve completely within 24 hours of onset

A

transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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13
Q

what can TIA be a warning sign of?

A

a more significant stroke may occur in the future

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14
Q

s/s of a stroke

A 
worst headache ever
hemiparesis 
unequal pupils 
slow pulse
aphasia
dysarthria
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15
Q

ability to speak, but unable to understand speech

A

receptive aphasia

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16
Q

inability to speak correctly, but able to understand

A

expressive aphasia

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17
Q

slurred speech

A

dysarthria

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18
Q

the period following a seizure that lasts 5-30 minutes; characterized by labored respirations and some degree altered mental status; phase which the brain recovers from the experience

A

postictal state

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19
Q

a neurological episode caused by a surge of electrical activity in the brain

A

seizure

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20
Q

what is the number one risk factor for a stroke?

A

hypertension

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21
Q

how to position the patient who experiences a stroke?

A

position patient on the side of motor deficiency; reverse trendelenburgs

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22
Q

a seizure characterized by severe twitching of all the body muscles that may last several minutes or more, (grand mal)

A

generalized seizure

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23
Q

a seizure affecting a limited portion of the brain, (focal)

A

partial seizure

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24
Q

simple partial(focal) seizure

A

no changes in the patients level of consciousness, may cause muscle twitching also may report numbness, weakness, or dizziness, and brief paralysis

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25
Q

complex partial seizure

A

the patient has an altered mental status and does not interest normally with his or her environment

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26
Q

how long do generalized seizures last?

A

3-5 minutes

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27
Q

seizure may last for just seconds, after which the patient fully recovers with only a brief lapse of memory of the event, (petit mal)

A

absence seizure

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28
Q

lack of recovery between 2 seizures
> 5 minutes of continuous convulsive seizures
3 discrete convulsions within an hour
30 minutes of continuous focal, partial, or absence seizures

A

status epilepticus

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29
Q

seizures that result from sudden high fever

A

febrile seizure

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30
Q

weakness on one side of the body

A

hemiparesis

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31
Q

mnemonic to use when reviewing possible causes of altered mental status

A

AEIOUTIPS

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32
Q

blood clot dissolving methods too mechanically remove the blood clot may reverse stroke symptoms and even stop stroke if given within 3 hours or 6 hours of the onset symptoms

A

thrombolytic therapy

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33
Q

involves altercations in smell, taste, visual perception, hearing, and emotional state

A

the aura phase

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34
Q

tonic-clonic

A

the tonic phase, consisting of increased muscle tone (rigidity), is allowed why the clonic phase, which involves jerking of the extremities (3-5 mins)

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35
Q

treatment for seizure

A

protect from harm
maintain a clear airway by placing in recovery position and suction as needed if no longer seizing
provide oxygen as quickly as possible (blow by during seizure)

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36
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

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37
Q

paralysis of the muscular contractions that normally propel material through the intestine

A

ileus

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38
Q

inflammation in small pockets at weak areas in the muscle walls

A

diverticulitis

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39
Q

inflammation of the gallbladder

A

cholecystitis

40
Q

what nerves supply the parietal peritoneum?

A

the nerves from the spinal cord that supply the skin of the abdomen

41
Q

what sensations can the parietal peritoneum and the skin of the abdomen perceive?

A

pain, touch, heat, pressure, and cold

42
Q

what is the visceral peritoneum supplied by?

A

autonomic nervous system

43
Q

what does visceral peritoneum produce?

A

referred pain

44
Q

pain felt in an area of the body other than the area where the cause of the pain located

A

referred pain

45
Q

allowing the acid to eat into the organ itself

A

ulcer

46
Q

inflammation of the pancreas

A

pancreatitis

47
Q

inflammation or infection of the appendix

A

appendicitis

48
Q

bleeding within the gastrointestinal tract

A

gastrointestinal hemorrhage

49
Q

occurs when the lining of the esophagus becomes inflamed

A

esophagitis

50
Q

a condition in which the sphincter between the esophagus and the stomach opens, allowing stomach acid to move up into the esophagus, usually resulting in a burning sensation inn the chest

A

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

51
Q

occurs when the amount of pressure within the blood vessels surrounding the esophagus increases

A

esophageal varices

52
Q

a tear in the junction between the esophagus and the stomach, causing severe bleeding; vomiting is the principal syndrome

A

mallory-weirs tear

53
Q

created by swelling and inflammation of the blood vessels surrounding the rectum

A

hemorrhoids

54
Q

solid crystalline masses formed in the kidney, resulting from an excess of insoluble salts or uric acid crystallizing in the urine; may become trapped anywhere along the urinary tract

A

kidney stones

55
Q

acute kidney failure

A

kidney is decreased in function; can be reversed with prompt diagnosis and treatment

56
Q

chronic kidney failure

A

is irreversible and develops over months and years; eventually the patient will need a transplant or may require dialysis

57
Q

a profusion of an organ or tissue through a hole or opening into a body cavity where it doesn’t belong

A

hernia

58
Q

complete obstruction of blood circulation in a given organ as result of compression or entrapment; an emergency situation causing death of tissue

A

strangulation

59
Q

inflammation of the bladder

A

cystitis

60
Q

bright red blood in the stool

A

hematochezia

61
Q

a patient with hematemesis and a history of too much drinking of alcohol is what kind of patient?

A

esophageal varices patient

62
Q

chemical substances produced by a gland that regulates the activity of organs and tissues

A

hormones

63
Q

one of the basic sugars; it is the primary fuel, in conjunction with oxygen, for cellular metabolism

A

glucose

64
Q

necessary for glucose to enter the cells for metabolism

A

insulin

65
Q

2 hormones that play a major role in glucose metabolism

A

glucagon

insulin

66
Q

a metabolic disorder in which the ability to metabolize carbohydrates (sugars) is impaired, usually because a lack of insulin

A

diabetes mellitus

67
Q

a state in which the blood glucose level is above normal

A

hyperglycemia

68
Q

a state in which the blood glucose level is below normal

A

hypoglycemia

69
Q

normal range of blood glucose (normoglycemia)

A

70-120 mg/dL

70
Q

an autoimmune disorder in which the individuals immune system produces antibodies against the pancreatic beta cells

A

type 1 diabetes

71
Q

frequent, plentiful urination

A

polyuria

72
Q

frequent drinking to satisfy continuous thirst

A

polydipsia

73
Q

excessive eating

A

polyphagia

74
Q

deep, rapid breathing

A

kussmaul respirations

75
Q

a form of hyperglycemia in uncontrolled diabetes in which certain acids accumulate when insulin is not available

A

diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)

76
Q

a condition in which insulin resistance develops in response to increased blood glucose levels; can be managed by exercise and diet modification

A

type 2 diabetes

77
Q

what happens when diabetes happens?

A

the pancreas produces more insulin attempt to make up for the increased levels of blood glucose and dysfunction of cellular insulin receptors

78
Q

s/s of diabetic ketoacidosis

A 
vomiting
abdominal pain
dry warm skin
"fruit" breath ordor
gradual onset of s/s
kussmaiul respirations
79
Q

s/s of diabetic coma

A

kussmaul respirations
dehydration
“fruity” breath odor
varying degrees of unresponsiveness

80
Q

a life threatening condition of resulting from high blood glucose that typically occurs in older. adults, and which causes altered mental status, dehydration, and organ damage

A

hyperosmolar hyperglycemic nonketotic syndrome (HHNS)

81
Q

3 types of oral glucose preparation

A

rapid dissolving gel
large chewable tablet form
liquid formation

82
Q

contraindication for oral glucose

A

inability to swallow

unconsciousness

83
Q

what are patients with hyperglycemia or hypoglycemia mistaken for?

A

being intoxicated

84
Q

what can seizures be caused by?

A

hypoglycemia

85
Q

3 disorders that can create a prehospital emergency

A

sickle cell disease
hemophilia
thrombophilia

86
Q

an inherited blood disorder that affects the red blood cells

A

sick cell disease

87
Q

ischemia and rain caused by sickle-shaped red blood cells that obstruct blood flow to a portion of the body

A

vasoocclusive crisis

88
Q

what can people with sickle cell disease experience ?

A

hypoxia

89
Q

complications associated with sickle cell disease

A 
anemia
gallstones
jaundice
splenic dysfunction
vascular occlusion with ischemia
90
Q

signs of hyperglycemia

A

polyuria
polydipsia
polyphagia

91
Q

a congenital abnormality in which the body is unable to produce clots, which results in uncontrollable bleeding

A

hemophilia

92
Q

a disorder in the b odyssey ability to maintain the viscosity and smooth flow of blood through the venous and arterial systems

A

thrombophilia

93
Q

a common medical problem in sedentary patients and in patients who have had recent injury or surgery

A

deep vein thrombosis

94
Q

signs of insulin shock

A

pale, moist skin
recent insulin injection w/o eating
may cause fainting, seizure, or coma
ALOC

95
Q

treatment for insulin shock

A

conscious patient
-administer oral glucose
unconscious patient
-will need IV glucose (not an EMT skill)

Emt (10 decks)

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