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Complex Care Concepts > HTN- Test 1 > Flashcards

HTN- Test 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Gold standard for recommendations of best clinical practice

A

JNC8

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2
Q

Desired BP for ages 60 and older

A

150/90

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3
Q

People under 60

A

140/90

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4
Q

Control of peripheral vascular resistance

A

Autonomic nervous system-

Norepinephrine and epinephrine

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5
Q

Four systems maintain blood pressure

A

Arterial baroreceptors
Fluid volume
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Vascular autoregulation

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6
Q

Where are arterial baroreceptors found?

A

Carotid sinus
Aorta
Wall of left ventricle

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7
Q

fluid volume and BP

A

More fluid= higher pressure

Less fluid= lower pressure

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8
Q

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

A

Reabsorbs sodium and water

Vasoconstrictor

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9
Q

Renin

A

From kidneys

Acts on angiotensin

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10
Q

Angiotensin I

A

Converted by a lung enzyme into angiotensin II

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11
Q

Angiotensin to angiotensin I

A

Liver substrate

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12
Q

Angiotensin II actions

A

Strong vasoconstrictor and stimulates aldosterone

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13
Q

Aldosterone does this

A

Reabsorb sodium and water

Increased fluid

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14
Q

Vascular autoregulation

A

Keeps perfusion of tissues relatively constant

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15
Q

Essential hypertension

A

Primary

Most common

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16
Q

Hypertension over a period of time causes

A

MI
CVA
PVD
Kidney failure

17
Q

Malignant hypertension

A 
Rapid progression 
200/150
AM headache 
Blurred vision 
Dyspnea 
Uremia
18
Q

Ages of malignant hypertension

A

30s
40s
50s

19
Q

Unless intervention occurs promptly in malignant hypertension….

A

Kidney failure
Left ventricular failure
Heart failure
Stroke

20
Q

Adrenal-mediated hypertension

A

Excess of aldosterone
Benign adenomas
Hypokalemia

21
Q

Essential etiology of hypertension

A 
Family history 
African American 
Hyperlipidemia 
Smoking
Older than 60 years, post menopause 
Excessive sodium: caffeine 
Obesity 
Sedentary 
Alcohol 
Malnutrition 
Stress
22
Q

Secondary etiology of hypertension

A 
Kidney disease 
Primary aldosteronism 
Pheochromocytoma 
Cushing a disease 
Coartation of aorta 
Brain tumorS 
Encephalitis 
Pregnancy
23
Q

Drugs that can cause secondary hypertension

A

Estrogen
Glucocorticoids
Mineralcorticoids
Sympathomimics

24
Q

Pheochromocytomas

A

Tumors in adrenal medulla

Produce excess of catecholmines

25
Q

Cushing’s syndrome

A

Excessive glucocorticoids from adrenal cortex

26
Q

Health promotion for hypertension

A

Increase good for you food
No more than 2400 or better- 1500 mg of sodium per day
Excercise 3-4 times per week, 40 minutes

27
Q

Orthostatic hypotension

A

Decrease of 20 systolic and/or 10 diastolic

Lying to sitting

Complex Care Concepts (25 decks)

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