Hosptial Aquired Infections

Question 1

What is a hospital acquired infection

Answer 1

An infection that would occur form being in hospital for over 2 days
For covid it would be for over 7 days

Question 2

What is ventilator associated pneumonia

Answer 2

Infection from mechanical ventilation
Contaminated equiptment
Aspiration of the gastrointestinal enteric secretions
Aspiration of the orophargeal bacteria

Question 3

What bacteria is associated for VAP of under 5 days

Answer 3

Staph aureus
Strep pneumonia
Enteric gram negative rods

Question 4

What bacteria is associated with VAP of over 5 days

Answer 4

MRSA
pseudomonas
Multi drug resistant bacteria

Question 5

What can prevent VAP

Answer 5

VAP bundle
Weaning period for the ventilators
Hand washing and barrier precautions
Sedation holidays (removing them from sedation)
Medication to stop the gastrointestinal bleeding

Question 6

What is a catheter associated blood stream infection

Answer 6

Bacteria that would enter through the skin into the place where the catheter would be inserted
Contamination of the catheter hub

Question 7

What can prevent CABSI

Answer 7

Hand washing
Barrier precautions
Cleaning the skin with chlorohexidine
Dressings of the Catheter changed every 7 Days

Question 8

What bacteria would cause the catheter associated blood stream infections

Answer 8

Staph aureus
Staph epidermis
Candida albicans

Question 9

What is a surgical site infection

Answer 9

Infection that would come from the surgical procedures
Would occur 5-10 days after the infection

Question 10

What is a Catheter associated UTI

Answer 10

Bacteria would again enter through to the urether and would cause the infection
This would be similar to the catheter blood stream infection

Question 11

What bacteria would cause CAUTI

Answer 11

e coil
Multi drug resistant enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas
Candida albicans

Question 12

What can prevent the CAUTI

Answer 12

Do not leave the catheter bag on the floor
Do not hold the bag over the height of the bladder
Hand washing
Cleaning the area (chlorhexidine)
Closed catheter systems

Question 13

What are the 3 main types of resistant bacteria

Answer 13

Multi resistant enterobactericeae
MRSA
Vancomycin resistant enterococci

Question 14

What’s the mechanism of MRSA

Answer 14

MecA gene would code for a penicillin binding protein (PBP2)
Binds to penicillin and then it cannot bind to the bacterias binding sites

Question 15

What is the mechanism of clostridium difficule

Answer 15

Produces 2 toxins
Toxin A- enterotoxin: would cause inflammation and fluid loss
Toxin B- cytotoxin: would stop protein synthesis and would disrupt the shape of the cytoskeleton

Question 16

What can lead to the development of clostridium difficule

Answer 16

The use of the broad spectrum antibiotics
Would kill the good bacteria and would all the clostridium difficle to become dormant

Question 17

What is an exotoxin

Answer 17

Toxins released from the bacteria
Would happen when the bacteria is alive

Question 18

What is an enterotoxin

Answer 18

Toxins that would be within the bacteria
The bacteria would need to die and then the toxin would be released

Question 19

What is an endotoxin

Answer 19

Toxins that would cause the digestive and gastrointestinal issues

Question 20

What type of bacteria would cause norovirus

Answer 20

The non-enveloped single strand positive RNA

Question 21

What type of molecule would cause rotavirus

Answer 21

Non-enveloped double strand RNA