Hosptial Aquired Infections Flashcards
What is a hospital acquired infection
An infection that would occur form being in hospital for over 2 days
For covid it would be for over 7 days
What is ventilator associated pneumonia
Infection from mechanical ventilation
Contaminated equiptment
Aspiration of the gastrointestinal enteric secretions
Aspiration of the orophargeal bacteria
What bacteria is associated for VAP of under 5 days
Staph aureus
Strep pneumonia
Enteric gram negative rods
What bacteria is associated with VAP of over 5 days
MRSA
pseudomonas
Multi drug resistant bacteria
What can prevent VAP
VAP bundle
Weaning period for the ventilators
Hand washing and barrier precautions
Sedation holidays (removing them from sedation)
Medication to stop the gastrointestinal bleeding
What is a catheter associated blood stream infection
Bacteria that would enter through the skin into the place where the catheter would be inserted
Contamination of the catheter hub
What can prevent CABSI
Hand washing
Barrier precautions
Cleaning the skin with chlorohexidine
Dressings of the Catheter changed every 7 Days
What bacteria would cause the catheter associated blood stream infections
Staph aureus
Staph epidermis
Candida albicans
What is a surgical site infection
Infection that would come from the surgical procedures
Would occur 5-10 days after the infection
What is a Catheter associated UTI
Bacteria would again enter through to the urether and would cause the infection
This would be similar to the catheter blood stream infection
What bacteria would cause CAUTI
e coil
Multi drug resistant enterobacteriaceae
Pseudomonas
Candida albicans
What can prevent the CAUTI
Do not leave the catheter bag on the floor
Do not hold the bag over the height of the bladder
Hand washing
Cleaning the area (chlorhexidine)
Closed catheter systems
What are the 3 main types of resistant bacteria
Multi resistant enterobactericeae
MRSA
Vancomycin resistant enterococci
What’s the mechanism of MRSA
MecA gene would code for a penicillin binding protein (PBP2)
Binds to penicillin and then it cannot bind to the bacterias binding sites
What is the mechanism of clostridium difficule
Produces 2 toxins
Toxin A- enterotoxin: would cause inflammation and fluid loss
Toxin B- cytotoxin: would stop protein synthesis and would disrupt the shape of the cytoskeleton
What can lead to the development of clostridium difficule
The use of the broad spectrum antibiotics
Would kill the good bacteria and would all the clostridium difficle to become dormant
What is an exotoxin
Toxins released from the bacteria
Would happen when the bacteria is alive
What is an enterotoxin
Toxins that would be within the bacteria
The bacteria would need to die and then the toxin would be released
What is an endotoxin
Toxins that would cause the digestive and gastrointestinal issues
What type of bacteria would cause norovirus
The non-enveloped single strand positive RNA
What type of molecule would cause rotavirus
Non-enveloped double strand RNA
