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Tp2. Infection > General Infection Cards > Flashcards

General Infection Cards Flashcards

1
Q

What are the types of antigens on E.coli

A

O: cell wall antigens
H: flagella antigens
K: polysaccharide capsule antigens

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2
Q

What are the commensals on the skin

A

Staphylococcus aureus
Would enter the skin when there is damages, can lead to internal infection

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3
Q

What types of bacteria would be exotoxins

A

The gram positive bacteria
Staph aureus
Clostridium teniti
Clostridium botulinum
Strep pyrogenes

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4
Q

What types for bacteria would be the endotoxins

A

Gran negative bacteria

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5
Q

What types of bacteria would be enterotoxins

A

Vibro cholera
E.coli
Staph aureus

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6
Q

What can e.coli cause

A

The UTIs

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7
Q

How would you test for E.coli

A

Dipstick test
Nitrite and leukocyte postive
If negative would be because it’s from a grams positive bacteria (staphylococcus saprophyticus)

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8
Q

What bacteria would cause pneumonia

A

Strep pneumonia
Staph aureus
Haemophilus influenza

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9
Q

What type of virus would parvovirus be

A

The SS DNA non-enveloped virus

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10
Q

What type of virus would herpes be

A

The DS DNA enveloped

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11
Q

What type of virus would adenovirus and HPV be

A

The DS dna non-enveloped

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12
Q

What type of virus would Ebola and influenza be

A

The SS RNA negative enveloped

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13
Q

What type of virus would rotavirus be

A

The DS RNA postive non-enveloped

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14
Q

What microorganisms can cause endocarditis

A

The staphylococcus viridans
Microorganisms ion the mouth

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15
Q

What type of proteins would be used for MHC1 AND 2

A

MHC1: endogenous
MHC 2: exogenous

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16
Q

What would be the mechanism of MHC1

A

APC
Cancer cells of the virus cells
Would engulf pathogen, antigens on the surface
Would have the cytotoxins that would apoptosis
FasL and Fas would allow apoptosis

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17
Q

What would the c3a and c5a proteins of the complement system do

A

Attract the phagocytes to the area

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18
Q

What would the c3b and c5b do

A

Would be opsonises

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19
Q

What bacteria would cause the common community pneumonia

A

Streptococcus pneumonia

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20
Q

What bacteria would cause pneumonia when have a predisposed factor

A

Staphylococcus aureus

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21
Q

What is staphylococcus aureus in relation to catalase and coagulase

A

Positive catalase
Positive coagulase

22
Q

What is staph epidermis in relation to catalase and coagulase

A

Catalase positive
Coagulase negative

23
Q

What is streptococcus and staph pneumonia in relation to catalase and coagulase

A

Catalase negative
Coagulase negative

24
Q

What other bacteria can cause e.coli

A

Staphylococcus saprophyticus

25
Q

How can you tell the difference between the E.coli and the staph saprophyticus infections for a UTI

A

E.coli would be nitrite positive
Staphylococcus saprophyticus is nitrite negative

26
Q

Why is vancomycin a good antibiotic to use for clostridium difficle

A

Would not be absorbed
C.diff acts in the intestine so would be able to go there and all can be used

27
Q

What type of virus is adenovirus

A

The double stranded DNA non-enveloped virus

28
Q

What is the function of the gram negative bacteria that would cause sepsis

A

Gram negative would have the endotoxins
They would die and release the liposaccrides
They would then stimulate the cytokines
Would lead to al the issues

29
Q

How would staph aureus cause the pneumonia

A

Comensal
So when would have the broken skin, could get into the lungs

30
Q

What would mainly be used to treat pneumonia (strep pneumonia)

A

Amoxicillin/clauvante

31
Q

What would not be killed by the alcohol gels

A

Spores
Hep a

32
Q

What disease could dental treatment cause

A

The endocarditis
Would need to the antibiotic prophylaxis (stops the infections of the bacteria)

33
Q

What is neutropenia and what would it be caused by

A

The low neutrophils
Chemotherapy (would kill the neutrophils)
Abnormal tachycardia, hypotension, diarrhoea

34
Q

What can be used to treat neutropenia

A

The Tazocin (mainly for the gran negative)
After 48 hours would want to use the vancomycin (would be more broad)

35
Q

What is legionnaires disease

A

Would be gram negative rods
Intracellular parasite
Would live on the body’s of water
Would lead to the chest infections

36
Q

What are NK cells and cytotoxic T-cells

A

Cells of the adaptive immune system that would drive the cell to apoptosis

37
Q

What is the verification system on the NK cells and the cytotoxic T cells

A

The FAS L and the FAS
FAS L - on the T cell
FAS - on the pathogen
Without the fasL/FAS would not have apoptosis

38
Q

What enzymes are made by the NK cells and the cytotoxic T cells

A

Perforin and granzymes

39
Q

What is the function of perforin and granzymes

A

They would punch holes in the cell membranes and that would lead to the death of the pathogen

40
Q

What interleukin do t-cells produce no what does it do

A

The IL-2
Would be the CD25 receptor
Allows the Proliferation of the T cells

41
Q

What are 2 ways that T-cells would recognise self antigens

A

Attach to the B-cell and would activate it when they recognise the antigen presented as self
In the thymus, if they recognise the antigens on the dendritic cells (as they would be recognising the self antigens here)

42
Q

What is the mediacation given for Neisseria meningitidis and why

A

Ceftriaxone as would be able to penetrate the csf best
(Neisseria gram negative diplocci)

43
Q

Where would Neisseria meningitidis be found

A

Nasopharyngeal region

44
Q

What are cytotoxic T cells

A

Attach to the CD8 cells
Need MHC1 to act
Would produce the perforin and the granzymes

45
Q

What type of bacteria is clostridium difficle and what would you use to treat

A

Gram positive bacillius
Cephalosporins or vancomycin (oral)

46
Q

What type of bacteria is Neisseria meningitidis

A

Gram negative diploccoci

47
Q

What is the function of erythromycin.

A

No protein synthesis
Can be used instead of penicillin and would allow the intracellular penetration

48
Q

What are the types of bacteria resistance

A

Intrinsic - would not have a sight for the antibiotic to work
Acquired - would have mutation or no sight for the antibiotic to work
Adaptive - when would become exposed to the antibiotic

49
Q

What are bacteriostatic antibiotics

A

Would stop the growth and replication of the bacteria

50
Q

What is the mechanism of doxycycline

A

Stops protein synthesis
Used for parasites (p.falciparum)

51
Q

What bacteria can be used to treat e.colis

A

Cephalosporins

Tp2. Infection (9 decks)

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