Hospital-Acquired Gram(-) Flashcards
How is P.aeruginosa transmitted?
- Medical devices
2. Hands of healthcare workers
Where is P.aeruginosa found?
- Soil
- Water
- Plants
- Animals
- Intestinal flora
- Skin
What is the metabolism of P.aeruginosa?
- Obligate aerobe
- Non-lactose fermenter
- Oxidase-positive
What is the virulence of P.aeruginosa?
- Motile (polar flagella)
- Hemolysin
- Collagenase
- Elastase
- Fibrinolysin
- Phospholipase C
- DNAse
- Antiphagocytic capsule (some strains)
What are the toxins of P.aeruginosa?
Exotoxin A (similar to diphtheria toxin) - inhibits protein synthesis by blocking EF2.
What can P.aeruginosa cause?
BE PSEUDo.
- Burn-wound infection
- Endocarditis
- Pneumonia
- Sepsis
- External malignant otitis media
- UTI
- Diabetic osteomyelitis
How can we identify P.aeruginosa?
Culture:
Greenish metallic appearing colonies on blood agar, which have fruity (grape) smell.
What is important to keep in mind about P.aeruginosa?
- Common infection in neutropenic patients.
- Produces pigments when cultured:
a. pyocyanin (blue pigment)
b. pyoverdin (green pigment)
Where is Burkholderia cepacia found?
- Soil
- Water
- Plants
- Animals
- Lungs of cystic fibrosis patients
How is Burkholderia cepacia transmitted?
- Medical devices
- Hands of healthcare workers
- Between cystic fibrosis patients (?)
What is the metabolism of Burkholderia cepacia?
- Oxidase (+)
2. NON-lactose fermenter
What is the virulence of Burkholderia cepacia?
Extremely antibiotic and disinfectant resistant.
What can Burkholderia cepacia cause?
- Pneumonia in cystic fibrosis patients.
2. Infections in patients with chronic granulomatous disease.
How can we identify Burkholderia cepacia?
May use selective media with colistin to select for growth.
Where is Stenotrophomonas maltophilia found?
- Soil
- Water
- Plants
- Animals
- Normal respiratory flora