Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Microbiology > Hepatitis Viridae > Flashcards

Hepatitis Viridae Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Biology 101 flashcards
0
Q

How are Hep A and E transmitted?

A

By the fecal-oral route. The rest parenterally.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
1
Q

How many viruses that primarily infect the liver exist?

A

Six:
5 RNA–> Hep A,C,D,E,G
1 DNA–> HepB

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What hep viruses can cause acute hep?

A

All of them.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What hep viruses can cause chronic hep?

A

HepB,C,D

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the time usually needed for jaundice to occur in acute hep?

A

One to two weeks.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Give a basic description of HAV.

A
  1. Naked icosahedral capsid with a positive single-stranded RNA.
  2. It is in the family Picornaviridae and as it is the case with most of this family it is transmitted by the fecal to oral route (HAV = Anus).
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is the incubation period of HAV?

A

About 15-40 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the morphology of HepA?

A

Picorna viridae

  1. Positive single stranded RNA.
  2. No envelope (naked)
  3. Icosahedral capsid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How is HepA transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What characterizes acute viral hepatitis caused by HAV?

A
  1. Fever
  2. Jaundice
  3. Painful enlarged liver –> 1% develop fulminant hepatitis.
  4. HepA never becomes chronic.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is the serology in HepA?

A
  1. Anti-HAV IgM –> Active disease.

2. Anti-HAV IgG –> Old, not active disease. Protected against repeated infection.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the morphology of HBV?

A

Hepadna viridae.

  1. Double-stranded circular DNA.
  2. Envelope
  3. Icosahedral capsid
  4. Dane particle (intact virus)
  5. HBsAg (envelope, capsid proteins)
  6. HBcAg
  7. HBeAg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What does the Dane particle include?

A
  1. Envelope
  2. Capsid associated proteins
  3. Capsid
  4. Core (DNA + protein enzymes)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What includes the HBcAg?

A
  1. Double stranded DNA
  2. DNA polymerase enzyme
  3. Capsid
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does dissociation of the Dane particle leaves?

A

HBsAg and HBcAg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is the HBeAg?

A

Soluble component of the core, which is a marker for active disease.

16
Q

How is HBV transmitted?

A
  1. Blood transfusion
  2. Needle sticks
  3. Sexual
  4. Across the placenta
17
Q

What can HBV cause?

A
  1. Acute viral hepatitis
  2. Fulminant hepatitis
  3. Chronic hep (10%)
  4. Coinfection with HDV.
  5. Risk for cirrhosis and HCC.
18
Q

What is the serology of HBV?

A 
HBsAg --> Disease (acute or chronic).
Anti-HBsAg --> Immunity: provides protection against repeat infection.
IgM anti-HBcAg --> new infection.
IgG anti-HBcAg --> old infection.
HBeAg --> High infectivity 
Anti-HBeAg --> Low infectivity
19
Q

What is useful to keep in mind about HBV?

A
  1. Only HepB carries a DNA polymerase enzyme within the virion.
  2. Liver injury occurs from a cell-mediated immune system attack on HBV.
20
Q

What is the morphology of HCV?

A
  1. Propably a flavovirus
  2. Single-stranded RNA
  3. Enveloped icosahedral capsid
21
Q

How is HCV transmitted?

A

Same way as HBV.

22
Q

What can HCV cause?

A

Acute viral hep.

  1. Up to 85% develop chronic hep.
  2. 20% will develop cirrhosis.
  3. Increased risk of developing primary HCC.
23
Q

What is the serology of HCV?

A

Anti-HCV antibodies.

24
Q

What is important to remember about HCV?

A
  1. It is the leading cause for liver transplantation.2

2. Genotype 1 most common in US.

25
Q

What is the morphology of the HDV?

A
  1. Incomplete RNA virus - only infective with the help of HBV.
  2. Helical nucleocapsid that requires the hepB envelope (HBsAg) to be infectious.
26
Q

How is HDV transmitted?

A

Same way as HBV.

27
Q

What can HDV cause as a coinfection?

A

Acute hep together with HBV.

28
Q

What can HDV cause as a superinfection?

A

HDV infects patient with chronic HepB who cannot make Anti-HBsAg antibodies —> Fulminant hep and cirrhosis.

29
Q

Is serology helpful in HDV infection?

A

No, since detectable titers of IgM and IgG anti-HDV are not so high.

30
Q

What is the morphology of HEV?

A

Hepeviridae family.

  1. Single stranded RNA.
  2. No envelope.
31
Q

How is HepE transmitted?

A

Fecal-oral.

32
Q

What can hepE cause?

A

Hepatitis like hepA.

33
Q

What is important to remember about HEV?

A

Responsible for epidemics of hep in Asia. Very rare in the US.

34
Q

What is the morphology of HGV?

A

The one of a flavivirus.

35
Q

How is HGV transmitted?

A

Transfusion and needle sticks.

36
Q

What can HGV cause?

A

It is not conclusively shown to cause liver disease.

37
Q

What is interesting to remember about HGV?

A

Some studies have shown that co-infection with HGV might actually slow the progression of HIV disease. (!)

Microbiology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions