Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Microbiology > FA - Micro - Virology (2016) > Flashcards

FA - Micro - Virology (2016) Flashcards

1
Q

Envelope protein of HDV?

A

HBsAg.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Live attenuated vaccine that can be given to HIV(+) patients?

A

MMR ==> IN PATIENTS who do NOT show signs of immunodeficiency.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

All DNA viruses are double stranded EXCEPT:

A

PARVO (ss negative).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

All DNA viruses have LINEAR GENOMES EXCEPT:

A
  1. Papilloma + Polyoma ==> CIRCULAR and SUPERCOILED.

2. Hepadna ==> Circular, incomplete.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

HSV-1 - Notes:

A

MCC of sporadic encephalitis. Can present as:

  1. Altered mental status.
  2. Seizures.
  3. +/- APHASIA.
  4. KLUVER-BUCY !!!
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Receptors used by viruses - CMV:

A

INTEGRINS ==> HEPARAN SULFATE.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Receptors used by viruses - EBV:

A

CD21.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Receptors used by viruses - HIV:

A

CD4
CCR5
CXCR4.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Receptors used by viruses - Rabies:

A

Nicotinic AChR.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Receptors used by viruses - Rhinovirus:

A

ICAM-1.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Yellow fever virus - Liver biopsy?

A

May see COUNCILMAN BODIES = EOSINOPHILIC APOPTOTIC GLOBULES.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most important GLOBAL CAUSE OF INFANTILE GASTROENTERITIS:

A

ROTAVIRUS = SEGMENTED dsRNA virus (Reovirus).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does CDC recommends about rotavirus?

A

ROUTINE VACCINATION OF ALL INFANTS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Croup is …?

A

ACUTE LARYNGOTRACHEOBRONCHITIS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Croup is caused by …?

A

Parainfluenza viruses (paramyxovirus).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Croup (acute laryngotracheobronchitis) - Features:

A
  1. “Seal-like” barking cough.

2. Inspiratory stridor.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Croup - Sign on X-ray:

A

Narrowing of upper trachea + subglottis leads to …

STEEPLE SIGN ON X-RAY.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Severe croup can result in …?

A

PULSUS PARADOXUS 2o to UPPER AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Measles (rubeola) virus - Lymphadenitis with …?

A

WARTHIN-FINKELDEY GIANT CELLS (fused lymphocytes) in a background of PARACORTICAL HYPERPLASIA.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Ebola virus - What genus?

A

FILOVIRUS.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Ebola virus - Targets:

A
  1. Endothelial cells.
  2. Phagocytes.
  3. Hepatocytes.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Ebola - Incubation of …?

A

21 days.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Ebola virus - Presents with …?

A

Abrupt onset of:

  1. Flu-like symptoms.
  2. Diarrhea/vomiting.
  3. High fever.
  4. Myalgia.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Ebola virus - Can progress to …?

A
  1. DIC.
  2. DIFFUSE HEMORRHAGE.
  3. SHOCK.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Ebola virus - Diagnosed with ...?
RT-PCR within 48h of SYMPTOM ONSET.
26
Ebola virus - Mortality:
HIGH.
27
Ebola virus - Transmission requires ...?
DIRECT CONTACT WITH: 1. Bodily fluids. 2. Fomites (including dead bodies). 3. Infected bats or primates (apes/monkeys).
28
Ebola virus - Incidence of nosocomial infection:
HIGH INCIDENCE OF NOSOCOMIAL INFECTION.
29
Ebola virus - Tx:
SUPPORTIVE - No definitive treatment.
30
Ebola virus - Preventing transmission ...?
1. STRICT ISOLATION of infected individual. | 2. BARRIER PRACTICES of health care workers.
31
HAV - Liver biopsy:
1. Hepatocyte SWELLING. 2. Monocyte infiltration. 3. Councilman bodies.
32
HBV - Liver biopsy:
1. Granular + eosinophilic "GROUND GLASS" appearance. | 2. Cytotoxic T cells mediate damage.
33
HCV - Liver biopsy:
Lymphoid aggregates with focal areas of MACROVESICULAR STEATOSIS.
34
HDV - Liver biopsy:
HBV.
35
HEV - Liver biopsy:
PATCHY NECROSIS.
36
Anti-HAV IgM:
IgM antibody to HAV. | ==> BEST TEST to detect ACUTE Hep A.
37
Anti-HAV IgG:
IgG antibody indicates PRIOR HAV infection and/or prior vaccination. ==> PROTECTS AGAINST REINFECTION.
38
HBsAg:
Antigen found on surface of HBV ==> INDICATES HBV INFECTION.
39
Anti-HBs:
Antibody to HBsAg ==> INDICATES IMMUNITY TO Hep B.
40
HBcAg:
Antigen associated with CORE of HBV.
41
Anti-HBc IgM:
Acute/recent infection.
42
Anti-HBc IgG:
Prior exposure or chronic infection.
43
IgM anti-HBc may be the ...?
SOLE POSITIVE marker of infection during window period.
44
HBeAg - Secreted by ...?
INFECTED HEPATOCYTE INTO CIRCULATION.
45
HBeAg is NOT ...?
NOT PART OF MATURE HBV VIRION.
46
HBeAg indicates ...?
ACTIVE VIRAL REPLICATION ==> HIGH TRANSMISSIBILITY.
47
Anti-HBe:
Antibody to HBeAg.
48
Anti-HBe indicates ...?
LOW TRANSMISSIBILITY.
49
Common diseases of HIV-positive adults - General picture:
As CD4 cell count decreases ==> 1. Incr. risk for REACTIVATION of past infections = TB, HSV, shingles. 2. DISSEMINATION of bacterial/fungal infections (eg coccidioidomycosis). 3. NHLs.
50
CD4 UNDER 5 HUNDRED - 6 major pathogens:
1. C.albicans. 2. EBV. 3. B.henselae. 4. HHV-8. 5. Cryptosporidium spp. 6. HPV.
51
C.albicans - Presentation:
ORAL THRUSH.
52
C.albicans - Findings:
1. Scrabable white plaque. | 2. Pseudohyphae on microscopy.
53
EBV - Presentation:
ORAL HAIRY LEUKOPLAKIA.
54
EBV - Findings:
UNSCRAPABLE white plaque on lateral tongue.
55
B.henselae - Presentation:
Bacillary angiomatosis.
56
B.henselae - Findings:
BIOPSY WITH NEUTROPHILIC INFLAMMATION.
57
HHV-8 - Findings:
BIOPSY WITH LYMPHOCYTIC INFLAMMATION.
58
Cryptosporidium spp. - Presentation:
Chronic, watery diarrhea.
59
Cryptosporidium spp. - Findings:
ACID-FAST OOCYSTS in stool.
60
HPV - Presentation:
SCC ==> 1. Anus (MSM). 2. Cervix (women).
61
CD4 cell count UNDER 2 HUNDRED - 3 major pathogens:
1. HIV. 2. JC (reactivation). 3. P.jirovecii.
62
HIV - Presentation:
DEMENTIA.
63
JC - Presentation:
PML.
64
JC - Findings:
NON ENHANCING AREAS OF DEMYELINATION ON MRI.
65
P.jirovecii - Presentation:
PCP.
66
P.jirovecii - Findings:
Ground-glass opacities on CXR.
67
CD4 cell count UNDER 1 HUNDRED - 8 major pathogens:
1. A.fumigatus. 2. C.neoformans. 3. C.albicans. 4. CMV. 5. EBV. 6. H.capsulatum. 7. Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, MAC. 8. Toxoplasma gondii.
68
A.fumigatus - Presentation:
1. Hemoptysis. | 2. Pleuritic pain.
69
C.neoformans - Presentation:
Meningitis.
70
C.neoformans - Findings:
1. Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain. | 2. Capsular antigen (+).
71
C.albicans - Presentation:
ESOPHAGITIS.
72
C.albicans - Findings:
1. White plaques on endoscopy. | 2. Yeast + Pseudohyphae on biopsy.
73
CMV - Presentation:
1. Retinitis. 2. Esophagitis. 3. Colitis. 4. Pneumonitis. 5. Encephalitis.
74
CMV - Findings:
1. LINEAR ULCERS on endoscopy. 2. Cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy. 3. Biopsy ==> INTRANUCLEAR (owl eye) inclusion bodies.
75
EBV - Presentation:
B-cell lymphoma ==> NHL, or 1o CNS lymphoma.
76
EBV - Findings:
CNS lymphoma ==> Ring, enhancing, may be SOLITARY (vs TOXOPLASMA).
77
H.capsulatum - Presentation:
1. Fever. 2. Weight loss. 3. Fatigue. 4. Cough. 5. Dyspnea. 6. Nausea. 7. Vomiting. 8. Diarrhea.
78
H.capsulatum - Findings:
Oval yeast cells WITHIN MACROS.
79
Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, MAC - Presentation:
1. Non specific systemic symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss). 2. Focal lymphadenitis.
80
Toxoplasma gondii - Presentation:
Brain abscessES.
81
Toxo - Findings:
MULTIPLE ring-enhancing lesions on MRI.
82
Prions are resistant to ...?
Standard sterilizing procedures, INCLUDING STANDARD AUTOCLAVING.
83
Viral genetics - Complementation - Example:
HDV requires the presence of replicating HBV to supply HBsAg ==> THE ENVELOPE PROTEIN OF HDV.

Microbiology (46 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions