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ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology > Hormones Master List > Flashcards

Hormones Master List Flashcards

1
Q

What is the biochemical classification of GnRH?

A

Neuropeptide (decapeptide).

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2
Q

What is the source of GnRH?

A

Hypothalamic surge and tonic centers.

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3
Q

What is the male target tissue for GnRH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP.

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4
Q

What is the female target tissue for GnRH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP.

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5
Q

What is the male primary action of GnRH?

A

Release of LH and FSH from the AP.

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6
Q

What is the female primary action of GnRH?

A

Release of LH and FSH from the AP.

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7
Q

What is the biochemical classification of LH?

A

Glycoprotein.

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8
Q

What is the source of LH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP. GnRH triggers the release.

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9
Q

What is the male target tissue for LH?

A

The interstitial Leydig cells in the testis.

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10
Q

What is the female target tissue for LH?

A

The luteal and theca interna cells of the ovary.

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11
Q

What is the male primary action of LH?

A

Stimulates testosterone production.

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12
Q

What is the female primary action of LH?

A

Induces ovulation of the dominant follicle, formation of the CL, P4 secretion, and testosterone secretion.

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13
Q

What is the biochemical classification of FSH?

A

Glycoprotein.

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14
Q

What is the source of FSH?

A

The gonadotroph cells of the AP. GnRH triggers the release.

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15
Q

What is the male target tissue of FSH?

A

The Sertoli cells of the testis.

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16
Q

What is the female target tissue for FSH?

A

The granulosa cells of the ovary.

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17
Q

What is the male primary action of FSH?

A

Sertoli cell function, spermatogenesis, regulation of the blood-testis barrier.

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18
Q

What is the female primary action of FSH?

A

E2 synthesis and follicular development.

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19
Q

What is the biochemical classification of PRL?

A

Protein.

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20
Q

What is the source of PRL?

A

Binuclear giant cells and the lactotroph cells of the AP.

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21
Q

What is the male target tissue for PRL?

A

Brain and testes.

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22
Q

What is the female target tissue for PRL?

A

CL in mice and rats, Mammary cells (growth during pregnancy, milk production after parturition). Behavior.

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23
Q

What is the male primary action of PRL?

A

Testosterone production and spermatogenesis. Can induce maternal behavior. Behavior.

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24
Q

What is the female primary action of PRL?

A

Maternal behavior, Corpora lutea function in some species, and lactation.

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25
Q

What is the biochemical classification of OT?

A

Neuropeptide (octapeptide).

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26
Q

What is the source of OT?

A

Synthesized by the paraventricular nucleus in the hypothalamus for storage in the PP. Also synthesized and secreted by the CL for the estrous cycle.

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27
Q

What is the male target tissue of OT?

A

The smooth muscle of the ductus/vas deferens, epididymal tail, and ampulla

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28
Q

What is the female target tissue of OT?

A

The myometrium and endometrium of the uterus. Also, the myoepithelial cells of the mammary glands.

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29
Q

What is the male primary action of OT?

A

PGF2alpha synthesis and pre-ejaculatory movement of spermatozoa.
* PGF2a is required to move sperm through the epididymis, so the hormone that moves sperm out of the cauda also helps synthesize the hormone that moves sperm into the cauda.

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30
Q

What is the female primary action of OT?

A

Promotes uterine PGF2alpha synthesis, uterine motility, contractions during parturition, and milk ejection.

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31
Q

What is the biochemical classification of E2?

A

Steroid.

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32
Q

What is the source of E2?

A

Granulosa cells of the follicle, the placenta, and the Sertoli cells of the testis.

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33
Q

What is the male target tissue of E2?

A

Brain (sexual behavior) and long bones (inhibits long bone growth).

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34
Q

What is the female target tissue of E2?

A

Hypothalamus, mammary gland, the entire reproductive tract, and the brain.

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35
Q

What is the male primary function of E2?

A

Sexual behavior.

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36
Q

What is the female primary function of E2?

A

GnRH release, sexual behavior, receptivity to mating, enhanced secretory activity of the entire tract, oviduct ciliation, and enhanced uterine motility.

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37
Q

What is the biochemical classification of P4?

A

Steroid.

38
Q

What is the source of P4?

A

The placenta and CL.

39
Q

What is the male target tissue for P4?

A

None.

40
Q

What is the female target tissue of P4?

A

Hypothalamus, myometrium, uterine endometrium (secretions), and mammary gland.

41
Q

What is the male primary action of P4?

A

None.

42
Q

What is the female primary action of P4?

A

Inhibits GnRH release, promotes endometrial secretion, promotes the maintenance of pregnancy, and inhibits reproductive behavior.

43
Q

What is the biochemical classification of T?

A

Steroid.

44
Q

What is the source of T?

A

The interstitial cells of Leydig in males and the cells of theca interna in females.

45
Q

What is the male target tissue for T?

A

Accessory sex glands, tunica dartos of the scrotum, skeletal muscle, seminiferous epithelium, epididymis.

46
Q

What is the female target tissue for T?

A

Skeletal muscle, brain, and granulosa cells.

47
Q

What is the male primary function of T?

A

Promotes secretion of accessory sex glands, promotes spermatogenesis, and anabolic growth.

48
Q

What is the female primary function of T?

A

Substrate for E2 synthesis and abnormal masculinization (voice, behavior, hair pattern, etc.)

49
Q

What is the biochemical classification of inhibin?

A

Glycoprotein.

50
Q

What is the source of inhibin?

A

Granulosa cells in females and Sertoli cells in males.

51
Q

What is the male target tissue of inhibin?

A

The gonadotrophs of the AP.

52
Q

What is the female target tissue of inhibin?

A

The gonadotrophs of the AP.

53
Q

What is the male primary action of inhibin?

A

Inhibits the secretion of FSH.

54
Q

What is the female primary action of inhibin?

A

Inhibits the secretion of FSH.

55
Q

What is the biochemical classification of PGF2alpha?

A

Prostaglandin (C-20 fatty acid).

56
Q

What is the source of PGF2alpha?

A

Uterine endometrium (female), vesicular glands (male).

57
Q

What is the male target tissue for PGF2alpha?

A

Epididymis.

58
Q

What is the female target tissue for PGF2alpha?

A

CL, uterine myometrium, and ovulatory follicles.

59
Q

What is the male primary function of PGF2alpha?

A

Affects the metabolic activity of the spermatozoa and causes epididymal contractions.

60
Q

What is the female primary function of PGF2alpha?

A

Luteolysis, uterine contractions and tone, and ovulation.

61
Q

What is the biochemical classification of RLN/RLX?

A

Protein polypeptide.

62
Q

What is the source of RLN/RLX?

A

CL, placenta (species-specific), prostate.

63
Q

What is the male target tissue for RLN/RLX?

A

The sperm and male tract.

64
Q

What is the female target tissue for RLN/RLX

A

Cervix, pelvic ligaments, mammary gland, and nipple.

65
Q

What is the male primary action of RNL/RLX?

A

Tract growth and sperm motility.

66
Q

What is the female primary action of RNL/RLX?

A

Softening of the cervix, pelvic ligaments, connective tissue remodeling in the tract, and widening of the birth canal.

67
Q

What is the biochemical classification of hCG?

A

Glycoprotein.
* What a pregnancy test measures.
**Can be used to induce ovulation in mares.

68
Q

What is the source of hCG?

A

Embryo and placenta.

69
Q

What is the male target tissue for hCG?

A

None.

70
Q

What is the female target tissue for hCG?

A

Corpus luteum.

71
Q

What is the male primary action for hCG?

A

None.

72
Q

What is the female primary action for hCG?

A

Prevents luteolysis.

73
Q

What is the biochemical classification of eCG?

A

Glycoprotein. Same alpha subunit as LH and FSH. Can bind to the LH receptor.

74
Q

What is the source of eCG?

A

The endometrial cups.
Released from day 35 to day 110-140.
Has LH-like activity (FSH in other species).
*Unique to equines.
**PMSG=Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotropin.

75
Q

What is the male target tissue for eCG?

A

None.

76
Q

What is the female target tissue for eCG?

A

Ovary.

77
Q

What is the male primary action of eCG?

A

None.

78
Q

What is the female primary action of eCG?

A

Causes the formation of accessory corpora lutea and increases P4 section.

79
Q

What is the biochemical classification of placental lactogen?

A

Protein.

80
Q

What is the source of placental lactogen?

A

Placenta and binuclear giant cells.

81
Q

What is the male target tissue for placental lactogen?

A

None.

82
Q

What is the female target tissue for placental lactogen?

A

Mammary gland of the dam.

83
Q

What is the male primary action of placental lactogen?

A

None.

84
Q

What is the female primary action of placental lactogen?

A

Mammary stimulation of the dam and growth and development of the fetus.

85
Q

What hormone is released tonically in response to GnRH?

A

LH.

86
Q

What is the biochemical classification of activin?

A

Glycoprotein.

87
Q

What is the source of activin?

A

AP, placenta, and gonads.

88
Q

What is the male target tissue of activin?

A

Testis.

89
Q

What is the female target tissue of activin?

A

Follicle.

90
Q

What is the male primary action of activin?

A

Enhance spermatogenesis and testosterone production.

91
Q

What is the female primary action of activin?

A

Increase FSH binding and estradiol production.

ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology (23 decks)

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