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ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology > Early Embryogenesis and Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy > Flashcards

Early Embryogenesis and Maternal Recognition of Pregnancy Flashcards

1
Q

What is the parental imprinting?

A

The perferable expression of genes from either the male or female parent.

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2
Q

What parent does placentation come from?

A

Male.

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3
Q

What parent does embryo development come from?

A

Female.

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4
Q

What occurs when two egg pronuclei are placed in the same egg?

A

Near normal embryo, small placenta.

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5
Q

What occurs when two sperm pronuclei are placed in the same egg?

A

Stunted embryo, near normal placenta.

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6
Q

What are pleuripotent cells?

A

Cells that will either become the embryo or the placenta.

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7
Q

What are multipotent cells?

A

Cells that are set to become a specific tissue type.

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8
Q

What are totipotent cells?

A

Cells that can become a completely new tissue type or individual.
*Exist until the morula.

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9
Q

What is the morula?

A

An embryo with 16 or more cells.

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10
Q

What is blastulation?

A

When a morula becomes a blastocyst.

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11
Q

What is a blastocyst?

A

A structure where an inner cell mass/embryoblast, blastocele, and trophoblasts can be seen.

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12
Q

What does the inner cell mass/embryoblast become?

A

The fetus.

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13
Q

What does the trophectoderm become?

A

The placenta.

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14
Q

What are the stages of development (in order) from ootid to hatched blastocyst?

A
  1. Ootid.
  2. Zygote.
  3. 2-cell embryo.*
  4. Morula.
  5. Early blastocyst.
  6. Hatching blastocyst.
  7. Hatched blastocyst.
    *This stage is normally followed by a 4-cell and 8-cell embryo step.
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15
Q

An increased level of what macromolecule makes the embryo appear darker?

A

Lipids.

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16
Q

How many days does it take from ovulation until the embryo reaches the uterus?

A

2-6.5 days.

17
Q

What are the three stages of conceptus growth (sheep, pigs, cattle)?

A
  1. Spherical.
  2. Tubular.
  3. Filamentous

*Then uterus or STFU.

18
Q

What is unique about mare conceptus growth?

A

The conceptus stays spherical for an extended period of time.

19
Q

In which uterine horn does the elongating blastocyst attach in ruminants?

A

The horn that has the ovary with the CL.

20
Q

What is intrauterine migration?

A

When the embryos enter the uterus and migrate between the two horns until a certain point when they then fix themselves to a uterine horn.

21
Q

What animal embryos undergo intrauterine migration?

A

Pig embryos.

22
Q

On what day does intrauterine migration end in pigs?

A

Day 12.

23
Q

What is transuterine migration?

A

When the embryo moves throughout the uterus until a certain point when it then fixes itself to a uterine horn.

24
Q

What animal embryos undergo transuterine migration?

A

Horse embryos.

25
Q

When does transuterine migration begin and end in horses?

A

Begins on day 10 and ends on day 15-16.

26
Q

What does the bovine conceptus secrete?

A

Bovine interferon.

27
Q

What does the ovine conceptus secrete?

A

Ovine interferon.

28
Q

What is the maternal response to the conceptus’s secretion in the bovines and ovines?

A
  1. Antiluteolytic.
  2. Inhibits oxytocin receptor synthesis.
  3. Inhibits PGF2a synthesis.
29
Q

What are the critical days for bovines?

A

Day 16 to 17.

30
Q

What are the critical days for ovines?

A

Day 12-13.

31
Q

What does the swine conceptus secrete?

A

E2.

32
Q

What is the maternal response to the conceptus secretion in swine?

A
  1. Antiluteolytic.
  2. Redirect PGF2a to the lumen of the uterine horn.

*Requires two embryos per horn.

33
Q

What does the equine conceptus secrete?

A

The scientific community is unsure.

*Triggered by touch.

34
Q

What is the maternal response to the conceptus’s secretion in the equines?

A
  1. Antiluteolytic.
  2. PGF2a is not being released into the vasculature.
35
Q

What are the critical days for equines?

A

Day 10-12.

36
Q

What are the critical days in swine?

A

Day 11-12.

37
Q

What does human conceptus release?

A

hCG.

38
Q

What is the maternal response in humans?

A

Luteotrophic.

39
Q

What are the critical days for humans?

A

Day 8-12.

ANS 327: Reproductive Physiology (23 decks)

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