Hormones and Sex Flashcards
Exocrine glands release their chemicals into _________, which carry them to their targets. Endocrine glands release their chemicals directly into __________________.
A) The posterior pituitary; the anterior pituitary
B) The circulatory system; ducts
C) The anterior pituitary; the posterior pituitary
D) Ducts; the circulatory system
D) Ducts; the circulatory system
After copulation, a sperm cell may fertilize an ovum to form a cell called a(n):
A) Fetus
B) Embryo
C) Zygote
D) Child cell
C) Zygote
__________________ is a pituitary tropic hormone that travels through the circulatory system to the gonads, where it stimulates the release of gonadal hormones.
A) Oxytocin
B) Vasopressin
C) Testosterone
D) Gonadotropin
D) Gonadotropin
Hormones are carried from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary via the:
A) Paraventricular nuclei
B) Vasomotor system
C) Hypothalamopituitary portal system
D) Tubuloglomerular feedback system
C) Hypothalamopituitary portal system
One consequence of ________________ is that there are often large minute-to-minute fluctuations in the levels of circulating hormones.
A) Pulsatile hormone release
B) The stress response
C) Neural signals
D) Exocrine function
A) Pulsatile hormone release
In the seventh week after conception, the ___________ gene on the Y chromosome of the male triggers the synthesis of ____________ protein.
A) Testicular; testicular
B) Syr; syr
C) Ovarian; ovarian
D) Syr; testicular
B) Syr; syr
If Sry protein were injected into a genetic female fetus 6 weeks after conception, the fetus would develop into a genetic _____ with ______.
A) Male; ovaries
B) Female; ovaries
C) Female; testes
D) Female; neither testes nor ovaries
C) Female; testes
In the third month of male fetal development, the developing testes secrete:
A) Oxytocin
B) Estradiol
C) Progesterone
D) Mullerian-inhibiting substance
D) Mullerian-inhibiting substance
Surgical removal of the gonads—either the testes or the ovaries—is called:
A) Castration
B) Orchidectomy
C) Oophorectomy
D) Ovariectomy
A) Castration
____________________ triggers the growth of pubic and axillary hair in females.
A) Testosterone
B) Androstenedione
C) Estradiol
D) Growth Hormone
B) Androstenedione
In the absence of the Syr protein, the cortical cells of the primordial gonads develop into ¬________.
A) Testes
B) Ovaries
C) Gonads
D) Progesterone
B) Ovaries
It has been hypothesized that perinatal testosterone must first be changed to estradiol before it can masculinize the brains of male rats. This is called the ¬¬¬¬¬¬_________ hypothesis.
A) Aromatization
B) Erratica
C) Perinatal
A) Aromatization
The scrotum and the _________ develop from the same biopotential precursor.
A) Labia majora
B) Labia minora
C) Syr protein
A) Labia majora
Aromatization refers to the process of converting ______________ to ________________.
A) Testosterone; androstenedione
B) Estradiol; testosterone
C) Testosterone; estradiol
D) Androstenedione; testosterone
C) Testosterone; estradiol
Although research on the development of sex differences in the brain is still in its infancy, one important principle has emerged:
A) Brains are either masculine or feminine
B) Brains are not masculinized or feminized as a whole
B) Brains are not masculinized or feminized as a whole
Perinatal exposure to testosterone often __________________ a genetic female’s adult reproductive behavior.
A) Masculinizes and feminizes
B) Masculinizes and defeminizes
C) Feminizes and demasculinizes
D) Defeminizes and demasculinizes
B) Masculinizes and defeminizes
Which condition is more likely in human females than males?
A) Anxiety
B) Alzheimer’s disease
C) Dyslexia
D) Depression
B) Alzheimer’s disease
Androgen insensitivity syndrome results from:
A) A mutation of the gene for the androgen receptor
B) Excessive estrogen levels
C) A lack of circulating androgens
D) Aromatization
A) A mutation of the gene for the androgen receptor
Which of these is the MOST common atypical form of sexual development?
A) Ablatio penis
B) Adrenogenital syndrome
C) Ablatio clitoris
D) Androgen insensitivity syndrome
B) Adrenogenital syndrome
Which condition results from a congenital deficiency in the release of the hormone cortisol from the adrenal cortex?
A) Hypocortisolimia
B) Ablatio penis
C) Adrenogenital syndrome
D) Androgen insensitivity syndrome
C) Adrenogenital syndrome
According to John Money, the outcome of the David Reimer case strongly supported the _____________ theory of gender identity.
A) Organizational
B) Social-learning
C) Activational
D) Pernis-presence
B) Social-learning
Long-term follow-up studies of David Reimer came to conclusions that contradicted John Money’s earlier conclusions. These follow-up studies found that from an early age, David:
A) Tended to prefer boys’ activities and games
B) Was attracted to males
C) Felt like a girl
D) Displayed great interest in dolls, cooking, or other conventional female activities
A) Tended to prefer boys’ activities and games
An important generalization drawn from Bremer’s (1959) classic study is that in human males, castration always leads to:
A) An immediate reduction I sexual interest but no changes in behaviors
B) No major reductions in sexual interest and behaviour
C) A reduction in sexual interest and behaviour
D) A total elimination of sexual interest and behavior
C) A reduction in sexual interest and behaviour
Because testosterone is the major testicular hormone, the major symptoms of orchidectomy have been attributed to the loss of testosterone. The therapeutic effects of _______________ have confirmed this assumption.
A) Surgical reconstruction of the gonads
B) Lordosis
C) Castration
D) Replacement injections
D) Replacement injections
