Biopsychology of Psychiatric Disorders Flashcards
Which individual meets the diagnostic criteria for schizophrenia? Assume that each individual has been experiencing their symptoms for at least one month.
A) Catie, who is experiencing avolition ad catatonia
B) Ava, who is experiencing avolition and flattened affect
C) Bernia, who is experiencing flattened affect and whose speech is disorganized
D) Darius, who is experiencing flattened affect and catatonia
C) Bernia, who is experiencing flattened affect and whose speech is disorganized
_____ was the second drug to be developed and marketed for the treatment of schizophrenia.
A) Lithium
B) Reserpine
C) Imipramine
D) Chlorpromazine
B) Reserpine
The degree to which typical antipsychotics bind to D2 receptors is highly correlated with their:
A) Ability to trigger a schizophrenia like episode
B) Effectiveness in suppressing schizophrenic symptoms
C) Effectiveness in increasing the positive symptoms of schizophrenia
D) Ability to suppress the onset of schizophrenia
B) Effectiveness in suppressing schizophrenic symptoms
LSD is a:
A) Dissociative hallucinogen
B) Drug that is now routinely prescribed for the treatment of schizophrenia
C) Psychedelic hallucinogen
D) Cannabinoid
C) Psychedelic hallucinogen
Light therapy can help relieve the symptoms of:
A) Peripartum depression
B) Major depressive disorder
C) Minor depressive disorder
D) Seasonal affective disorder
D) Seasonal affective disorder
Ketamine is:
A) An atypical antidepressant
B) A NMDA receptor antagonist
C) A tricyclic antidepressant
D) A monoamine oxidase inhibitor
B) A NMDA receptor antagonist
High-frequency rTMS and low-frequency rTMS are believed to _________ and ___________, respectively, activity within those brain regions to which it is applied.
A) Stimulate; inhibit
B) Inhibit; inhibit
C) Stimulate; stimulate
D) Inhibit; stimulate
A) Stimulate; inhibit
The neuroplasticity theory of depression is that depression results from a decrease of neuroplastic processes in various brain structures which leads to:
A) Increases in neuron numbers
B) Increase in glial cells
C) Decreases in synaptic pruning
D) Neuron loss
D) Neuron loss
In meta-analyses of MRI studies of depressed patients, consistent reductions in gray matter volumes have been reported in the:
A) Fornix
B) Striatum
C) Prefrontal cortex
D) Septum
C) Prefrontal cortex
According to the textbook, _____ has among the highest rates of attempted and completed suicide of all the disorders.
A) Tourette’s
B) Bipolar disorder
C) Schizophrenia
D) Agoraphobia
B) Bipolar disorder
There was little immediate reaction to Cade’s report that lithium helped alleviate the symptoms of manic patients. This was because:
A) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that could not be protected by a patent
B) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that Cade was responsible for discovering
C) Cade never disseminated his results at conferences or in publications
D) Cade used only guinea pigs in his research
A) Few drug companies were interested in spending money to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a metallic ion that could not be protected by a patent
There have been reports of several specific brain structures being smaller in bipolar patients, including the:
A) Striatum
B) Amygdala
C) Caudate
D) Hippocampus
D) Hippocampus
Meta-analyses of fMRI studies of bipolar patients have found abnormal activation in the:
A) Parietal cortex
B) Occipital cortex
C) Frontal cortex
D) Amygdala
C) Frontal cortex
The excessive decrease in reward seeking when individuals with bipolar disorder fail to achieve their goals is an example of:
A) Hypomania
B) Mood stabilization
C) Reward hypersensitivity
D) A mixed state
C) Reward hypersensitivity
______ disorder(s) is/are the most prevalent of all psychological disorders.
A) Anxiety
B) Dissociative
C) Major depressive
D) Schizophrenia spectrum
A) Anxiety
Which is a drug that is often used to treat anxiety disorders?
A) Chlorpromazine
B) Ketamine
C) Diazepam
D) LSD
C) Diazepam
Many anxiolytic drugs are agonists at either ___________ receptors or ________ receptors.
A) Glutamate; dopamine
B) GABA(A); serotonin
C) Dopamine; acetylcholine
D) Dopamine; NMDA
B) GABA(A); serotonin
Echolalia is:
A) Repeating one’s own words
B) Repeating the words of a celebrity
C) Repeating the words of another person
D) An inability to hear echoes
C) Repeating the words of another person
Some patients with Tourette’s disorder also display symptoms of:
A) Bipolar disorder
B) Schizophrenia
C) ADHD
D) Antisocial personality disorder
C) ADHD
The tics of Tourette’s disorder are usually treated with:
A) Antidepressants
B) Lithium
C) Buspirone
D) Antipsychotics
D) Antipsychotics
Patients with Tourette’s disorder tend to have smaller _________ volumes.
A) Hippocampal
B) Cerebellar
C) Amygdalar
D) Striatal
D) Striatal
There is evidence of dysfunctional ___________ and ___________ signaling within the cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical brain circuits in Tourette’s disorder.
A) Dopaminergic; GABAergic
B) Serotonergic; cholinergic
C) GABAergic; serotonergic
D) Adrenergic; serotonergic
A) Dopaminergic; GABAergic
In most clinical trials, patients are assigned to:
A) Drug or placebo groups according to the severity of their illness
B) Drug or placebo groups randomly and are told which treatment they are receiving
C) drug or placebo groups randomly and are not told which treatment they are receiving
D) drug or active placebo groups randomly and do not know for sure which treatment they are receiving.
C) drug or placebo groups randomly and are not told which treatment they are receiving
Active placebos are:
A) control drugs that have no therapeutic effect but produce side effects similar to those produced by the drug under evaluation.
B) Often sugar pills
C) Control drugs that have no therapeutic effect
D) drugs that have a therapeutic effect that is slightly different from the drug under evaluation.
A) control drugs that have no therapeutic effect but produce side effects similar to those produced by the drug under evaluation.
Orphan Drugs are:
A) drugs that are likely to be extremely profitable.
B) drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable.
C) drugs that are designed to treat disorders associated with being an orphan.
D) drugs that are abandoned by pharmaceutical companies.
B) drugs for which the market is too small for them to be profitable.
The majority of those in the medical and research professions accept that randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled studies are the essential critical test of any new psychotherapeutic drug because
A) assessment of psychotherapeutic drug efficacy is totally objective
B) psychiatric disorders rarely respond to placebos.
C) assessment of psychiatric disorder severity is subjective and can be greatly influenced by the expectations of the therapist.
D) psychotherapeutic drugs are usually discovered accidentally.
C) assessment of psychiatric disorder severity is subjective and can be greatly influenced by the expectations of the therapist.
