Hormones Affecting Nephron Function

Question 1

vasopressin/ADH is produced in __________ released from _________

Answer 1

1. hypothalamus

2. posterior pituitary

Question 2

name 3 stimuli for ADH release

Answer 2

1. low BP via baroreceptors (carotid and aorta)
2. low BV via stretch receptors (atria)
3. high blood osmolarity via osmoreceptor (hypothalamus)

Question 3

ADH mechanics:

1. ____ circulates in the blood
2. binds to its receptor on ________ membrane of ____ and collecting duct
3. GPC cascade -> Ca+ -> exocytosis of vesicle containing ________
4. ______ insert into the apical membrane -> _____ diffuses across the tubule and into _________

Answer 3

ADH mechanics:

1. ADH circulates in the blood
2. binds to its receptor on Basolateral membrane of DCT and collecting duct
3. GPC cascade -> Ca+ -> exocytosis of vesicle containing aquaporins
4. aquaporins insert into the apical membrane -> water diffuses across the tubule into the paratubullar capillaries

Question 4

Aldosterone is produced in the ______ the release is stimulated by _____ from the __________ and indirectly by the ________

Answer 4

1. adrenal cortex
2. ACTH
3. anterior pituitary
4. hypothalamus

Question 5

what kind of hormone is aldosterone and what kind of effect does it have

Answer 5

a steroid hormone with a genomic effect

Question 6

where is the receptor for aldosterone found

Answer 6

inside the ICF because it is steroid based

Question 7

what is the genomic effect of aldosterone

Answer 7

gene expression of Na+ K+ ATPase (basolateral) and SGLT K+ channels (apical)

Question 8

what effect does the genomic expression of aldosterone have

Answer 8

increase Na+ reabsorption (into blood)

increased K+ secretion (out of blood, into urine)

Question 9

what is the stipulation of water absorption with aldosterone

what kind of relationship is this

Answer 9

ADH must be present

synergistic or permissive relationship

Question 10

what are the 3 stimuli for aldosterone release

Answer 10

1. hyponatremia
2. hyperkalemia
3. hypotension- detected by RAAs

Question 11

what is RAAs

Answer 11

Renin angiotensin aldosterone system

Question 12

steps of RAAs:

1. _______ cells on afferent arteriole detect ______ and secrete renin (____)
2. renin activates ________ (ANGII)
3. ANGII has many effects:
   a. signals ______ production (adrenal cortex)
   b. stimulates thirst
   c. increase ____ production
   d. increase _____ output + vaso_______

Answer 12

steps of RAAs:

1. GRANULAR cells on afferent arteriole detect LOW BP and secrete renin (ENZYME)
2. renin activates ANGIOTENSIN (ANGII)
3. ANGII has many effects:
   a. signals ALDOSTERONE production (adrenal cortex)
   b. stimulates thirst
   c. increase ADH production
   d. increase CARDIAC output + vasoCONSTRICTION

Question 13

what to naturetic peptides cause the loss of in the urine

Answer 13

Na+

Question 14

steps of naturetic peptides:

1. ______ receptors in the ______ detect high BP and release naturetic peptides
2. naturetic peptides block the production of _______ in the ___________
3. causes less ____ reabsorption so ___ is lost in the urine as well as _____

Answer 14

steps of naturetic peptides:

1. STRECH receptors in the ATRIA detect high BP and release naturetic peptides
2. naturetic peptides block the production of ALDOSTERONE in the ADRENAL CORTEX
3. causes less NA+ reabsorption so NA+ is lost in the urine as well as WATER