3 Phases of Digestion

Question 1

name the three phases of digestion

Answer 1

1. cephalic
2. gastric
3. intestinal

Question 2

steps of the cephalic phase:
1. ______ mechanical digestion
2. ______ ______: chemical digestion
feed _______ response via parasympathetic
3. ______ (swallowing)
______ moves forward to block of the trachea
4. esophagus contracts via _______
5. bolus moves through __________ sphincter
is this a true sphincter

Answer 2

steps of the cephalic phase:
1. MASTECATION mechanical digestion
2. SALIVARY AMYLASE: chemical digestion
feed FORWARD response via parasympathetic
3. DEGLUTTINATION (swallowing)
EPIGLOTTIS moves forward to block of the trachea
4. esophagus contracts via PERASTALSIS
5. bolus moves through CARDIOESOPHAGEAL sphincter
this NOT a true sphincter

Question 3

what does the vagus nerve do in the gastric phase

Answer 3

vagus nerve (parasympathetic) feed forward response cause distention and expansion

Question 4

name the three major functions of the stomach

Answer 4

1. storage
2. digestion
3. protection

Question 5

Stomach - Storage:

the upper stomach ______ while the lower stomach _____

Answer 5

1. stores

2. digests

Question 6

Stomach - Digestion: mechanical and _______

what kind of response

Answer 6

chemical digestion

feed forward response

Question 7

Sequence of stomach secretions

1. ____ is released from G-cells in the presence of ______
2. stimulates ______ cells to produce HCl which denatures proteins, kills bacteria, + activates ______ into pepsin
3. partial hydrolysis of proteins/peptides

Answer 7

Sequence of stomach secretions

1. GASTRIN is released from G-cells in the presence of AAs
2. stimulates PARIETAL cells to produce HCl which denatures proteins, kills bacteria, + activates PEPSINOGEN into pepsin
3. partial hydrolysis of proteins/peptides

Question 8

methods of protection of the stomach:
1. \_\_\_\_ to kill some bacteria in food/drink or inhaled \_\_\_\_\_ from the trachea
2. mucosal cells secrete \_\_\_\_\_\_
    \_\_\_\_\_\_ cells secrete mucus 
   what does this create and prevent

Answer 8

methods of protection of the stomach:
1. HCL to kill some bacteria in food/drink or inhaled PATHOGENS from the trachea
2. mucosal cells secrete BICARBONATE
GOBLET cells secrete mucus
this creates A PHYSICAL BARRIER and prevents AUTODIGESTION

Question 9

What is a peptic ulcer

Answer 9

auto-digestion of the mucosa

Question 10

intestinal phase:
1. _________ response controls amount of chyme leaving the pyloric sphinter
_______ response to promote _______ and digestion in the ________
2. secretions into the duodenum for _____ and digestion of chyme
3. absorption across the ___ of the jejunum and ileum
monosaccharides and AAs –> liver via ______
chylomicrons (____) –> ______ caps
4. when chyme reaches the large intestine it is mostly ______

Answer 10

intestinal phase:
1. FEED BACK response controls amount of chyme leaving the pyloric sphinter
FEED FORWARD response to promote MOTILITY and digestion in the DUODENUM
2. secretions into the duodenum for NEUTRALIZATION and digestion of chyme
3. absorption across the VILLI of the jejunum and ileum
monosaccharides and AAs –> liver via HEPATIC PORTAL VEIN
chylomicrons (LIPIDS) –> LYMPHATIC caps
4. when chyme reaches the large intestine it is mostly CELLULOSE (FIBER)