Acquired Immunity- Specific Defenses

Question 1

____and _____ recognition of antigens

Answer 1

lock and key

Question 2

is this a local or systemic response

Answer 2

systemic

Question 3

what are the two main types of specific defense

Answer 3

1. humoral immunity

2. cell mediated immunity

Question 4

name the cells of the specific defenses

Answer 4

1. lymphocytes

2. macrophages and monocytes

Question 5

where do the cells arise from

Answer 5

the hematopoetic blood stem cells in red bone marrow

Question 6

lymphocytes:

1. T-cells migrate to the ______ for immunocompetency
   a. only those specific to one type of _____ will migrate to the _______ and _______
   b. involved in ______ ________ immunity
2. B-cells stay in the ________ for immunocompetency
   a. migrate to _______ and organs
   b. involved in ______ immunity

Answer 6

lymphocytes:

1. T-cells migrate to the THYMUS for immunocompetency
   a. only those specific to one type of ANTIGEN will migrate to the LYMPH NODES and LYMPH ORGANS
   b. involved in CELL MEDIATED immunity
2. B-cells stay in the BONE MARROW for immunocompetency
   a. migrate to LYMPH NODES and organs
   b. involved in HUMORAL immunity

Question 7

Macrophages and Monocytes:

are involved in specific defenses b/c they cause __ cells to initiate acquired response via __________

Answer 7

Macrophages and Monocytes:

are involved in specific defenses b/c they cause T cells to initiate acquired response via ANTIGEN PRESENTATION

Question 8

Primary Humoral Immunity:

1. native B cell clones - library of different B cells that are ______ to an _______
2. if a native B cell encounters its angtigen (1st time) it causes _______ which creates ________
3. a cloned B cell can become either:
   a. ______ cell - antibody producing factory
   b. _________ cell

Answer 8

Primary Humoral Immunity:

1. native B cell clones - library of different B cells that are SPECIFIC to an ANTICIPATED ANTIGEN
2. if a native B cell encounters its angtigen (1st time) it causes CLONAL EXPANSION which creates AN ARMY OF IDENTICAL B CELLS
3. a cloned B cell can become either:
   a. PLASMA cell - antibody producing factory
   b. MEMORY B cell

Question 9

Secondary Humoral Immunity:

1. memory B cell- if it encounters its antigen again
   a. it quickly creates ___________
   b. more ______ than in a primary response

Answer 9

Secondary Humoral Immunity:

1. memory B cell- if it encounters its antigen again
   a. it quickly creates LARGE ARMY OF PLASMA CELLS
   b. more ANITBODIES than in a primary response

Question 10

antibodies: also called _______
1. ______ proteins produced by ____ cells
2. found in ______ (also saliva and tears)
3. most effective in the _____
4. have multiple ways to defend the body including:
a. compliment cascade: compliment proteins insert ____ in membranes of foreign cells
b. __________ - antibodies bind to the surface of toxins + _____ coat to prevent them from being a danger
c. clumping of antigens
- easier ______ and _____ by macrophages
- excreted into _____ and ______

Answer 10

antibodies: also called IMMUNOGLOBINS
1. GLOBULAR proteins produced by PLASMA cells
2. found in BLOOD (also saliva and tears)
3. most effective in the ECF
4. have multiple ways to defend the body including:
a. compliment cascade: compliment proteins insert HOLES in membranes of foreign cells
b. NEUTRALIZATION- antibodies bind to the surface of toxins + VIRUSES and coat them to prevent them from being a danger
c. clumping of antigens
- easier RECOGNITION and DESTRUCTION by macrophages
- excreted into URINE and FECES

Question 11

Cell Mediated Response:

1. ___ cell cloning after a helper _ cell has bound to an _____ presented by a _____
2. many T cells including
   a. helper T cells: ________ of the entire immune system
   b. cytotoxic T cells: inject foreign cells with _______ (much like ____ cells )
   c. suppressor T cells: ____ the immune response
   d. memory T cells: arise after a ________

Answer 11

Cell Mediated Response:

1. T cell cloning after a helper T cell has bound to an ANTIGEN presented by a MACROPHAGE
2. many T cells including
   a. helper T cells: MANAGER/DIRECTOR of the entire immune system
   b. cytotoxic T cells: inject foreign cells with PERFORIN (much like NK cells )
   c. suppressor T cells: WIND DOWN the immune response
   d. memory T cells: arise after a PRIMARY RESPONSE

Question 12

name the three types of immunity and the means of obtaining them

Answer 12

1. acquired immunity- exposure which creates memory cells
2. vaccines- coat proteins of virus or attenuated virus which will create memory cells
3. temporary immunity- extremely strong antigen
   
   • give patient antibodies from and immune animal