hormonal communication qp1 PMT Flashcards
After the release of insulin from the beta cell, insulin secretion occurs even when there is no further intake in glucose. Explain why the cell continues to secrete insulin
-blood glucose concentration still remains high/ higher than normal
-sufficient ATP present so K+ channels remain closed
-exocytosis being triggered by calcium ions/Ca2+
describe two similarities in the action of plant and animal hormones in cell signaling
-there are specific receptors that are complimentary to the hormone
-hormone can cause a cascade of events/ enzyme reactions
-may involve switching on and off genes
-only present/ needed in small quantities to have an effect
-may have an effect on more than one location/target
-may involve more than one hormone
explain why plants are more able to form natural reproductive clones than animals
-plants can de-differentiate and then differentiate into a different cell type
-most animals cells are differentiated/ not totipotent/not pluripotent
-most plant cells retain the ability to differentiate, plants have meristematic tissue
describe the mechanisms produced by humans in response to light
-receptors detect light
-depolarization/ action pot
-immediate neuron in brain
-neuromuscular junction
-depolarization of muscle fibers
-muscle contraction (actin and myosin)
in determining fasting blood glucose conc, why is it important that the patient doesn’t fast for 8 hours
- time is needed to restore normal (blood) glucose concentration
-time needed for insulin to act fully
without eating, what are ways in which someone may have a high blood glucose conc.
-drank a drink with sugar
-nervous so secreted adrenaline
-other medication interferes with blood glucose conc
-hemoglobin does not bind effectively with glucose
what is the role of glucagon in regulating blood glucose levels
-glucagon is released by alpha cells
-glucagon inhibits insulin secretion
-glucagon converts glycogen to glucose
-gluconeogenesis
-glycogenolysis (via phosphorylase A)
