hoover + great depression

Question 1

why was Hoover known as a Do nothing president?

Answer 1

believed too much intervention by the government during the depression would destroy American individual strength and that public private corporation was the way to achieve high long-term growth

Question 2

what did hoover refuse to do?

Answer 2

Fund welfare programs because he believed that such assistance, projects would reduce the incentive (motivation) to work

Question 3

what was “rugged individualism”?

Answer 3

advocated (supported) this:
idea that every man should fend for himself
he believed that government handouts to the poor and unemployed could make them lazy

Question 4

what happened in june 1932?

Answer 4

hoovers reputation was particularly damaged from “the bonus march”

Question 5

what was the purpose in The Bonus March?

Answer 5

thousands of servicemen before in WW1 marched on Washington asking for their war bonuses (kind of pension) to be paid early

Question 6

what happened in The Bonus March?

Answer 6

Matches camped peacefully outside the White House and sang patriotic songs
Hoover refused to meet them

Question 7

what was the role of General Douglas MacArthur?

Answer 7

handle the situation of the bonus march

Question 8

what did MacArthur do in reaction to the bonus march?

Answer 8

convinced himself(with little/no evidence) they were communist agitators
ignored hoovers  his instructions to treat the marches with respect

Question 9

what happened to the marchers? (because of General MacArthur)

Answer 9

Troops and police used tear gas and burnt the marches’ camps

Question 10

what did Hoover do in reaction to MacArthur?

Answer 10

did not admit he failed to control MacArthur

publicly thanked God that the USA still knew how to deal with a mob

Question 11

what was the Mexican repatriation program for?

Answer 11

in 1929 to reduce municipal aid services burdens and combat White American unemployment

Question 12

what happened as a result of the Mexican repatriation programme?

Answer 12

resulted in force migration of over 500,000 Mexicans Mexican Americans to Mexico, approximately 60% of those driven out were US citizens

Question 13

what was the Smoot-Hawley Tarriff?

Answer 13

1930, raised the tariff on thousands of imported items as part of a failed effort to encourage the purchase and grace of American-made goods, raise federal revenue and protect farmers

Question 14

what happened as a result of The Smoot-Hawley Tarriff in 1930?

Answer 14

disastrous for both the US and world economies
resulted in a general global trade war and a rapid decline in international trade (about 20% if its earlier levels in just a couple years)

Question 15

why was the phrase “In Hoover we trusted but now we are busted” used?

Answer 15

hoovers failed attempt to increase money made by farmers prompted farmers in Iowa to protest this (Smoot Hawley Tarriff)

Question 16

what was he his response to The Smoot-Hawley Tarriff 1930?

Answer 16

quite vigourous but it was narrow

Question 17

why was there a need for the agricultural marketing act?

Answer 17

after the Smoot-Hawley Tariff 1930 his main goal was to restore confidence in the economy and the banking system,

Question 18

what did the agricultural marketing act 1929 do?

Answer 18

authorise loans to farmers and businessmen to help prevent them from going bankrupt however the loans were expected to be paid back

Question 19

what did hoover try and do in 1930?

Answer 19

restart the economy by cutting taxes and set up the committee for unemployment relief

Question 20

when was the emergency relief act?

Answer 20

1932

Question 21

what did the emergency relief act do?

Answer 21

set aside $300 million to provide unemployment pay

Question 22

what was the NCC?

Answer 22

The national credit corporation

Question 23

how did the NCC help Hoover?

Answer 23

was a voluntary association with major private banks that loaned to smaller banks on the verge of collapse

Question 24

what did the Glass-Steagall Act do?

Answer 24

helped banks by making easier for them to borrow from the Federal reserve

Question 25

what did hoover do in 1931?

Answer 25

gave $4 billion to state governments to set up schemes to provide work (eg Hoover dam)

Question 26

what did the Davis-Bacon act do?

Answer 26

encouraged firms to maintain high wages by requiring union supported wages on federal construction contracts

Question 27

what did the Norris- La Guardia act do?

Answer 27

protected trade unions

Question 28

what was the Reconstruction Finance Corporation?

Answer 28

Government agency established and chartered by the US Congress in 1932
Agency provided $2 million dollars in aid to state and local governments and loans to banks and other business and financial institutions

Question 29

what did hoover say?

Answer 29

The economy went in cycles of boom and in bust and soon good times would return
blocked Wagner Garner Relief Bill , would of allowed $2.1 billion to create jobs

Question 30

why was hoover overall so bad?

Answer 30

and sympathetic and did not realise how much people are suffering from the depression