germ theory

Question 1

at the beginning of the 19th century what most people believe caused disease?

Answer 1

Bad air or the four humours

Question 2

what did Louis Pasteur first do?

Answer 2

found out the cause of disease

research discovered germs in the air caused liquids to go off

Question 3

what is pasteurisation?

Answer 3

Louis Pasteur developed a process for killing the germs by boiling the wine and then calling it down

Question 4

what did pasteurisation prove?

Answer 4

germs came from the air therefore be prevented from entering the liquid in the first place

Question 5

what did Louis Pasteur recommend to surgeons?

Answer 5

surgical instruments be boiled before an operation to kill any germs
most surgeons ignored

Question 6

what did Robert Koch do?

Answer 6

devised a procedure in 1876

demonstrate that bacterium “Bacillid anthracis “ caused anthrax

Question 7

what’s anthrax?

Answer 7

disease disease of animals that can be passed to humans

Question 8

what did Robert Koch be the first to show?

Answer 8

particular bacteria caused a particular disease

Question 9

what did Robert Koch discover in 1882 and 1883?

Answer 9

1882 the bacteria that caused tuberculosis
1883 the bacteria that caused
cholera

Question 10

what improved methods did Robert Koch develop?

Answer 10

staining bacteria and introduced use of gelatine

later argar as growing media for bacterial colonies

Question 11

why was Robert Koch significant?

Answer 11

“Koch postulates”, methods that scientist need to satisfy before a particular bacteria can be excepted is causing a specific disease
eventually helped performance of public health to prove that pollution spread disease

Question 12

what did Paul Ehrlich join?

Answer 12

Robert Kochs research team at “institute for infectious disease in berlin”

Question 13

what did paul ehrlich research?

Answer 13

chemotherapy ( treatment of disease by chemical drugs)

experimented with sythetically created antibiotics

Question 14

what happened in 1906?

Answer 14

microbe that caused syphilis was identified

Question 15

what happened in 1907?

Answer 15

paul ehrlich worked with over 600 chemical compounds that might kill the syphilis germ

Question 16

what happened in 1909?

Answer 16

Sahaerhiro Hata (member of paul ehrlich’s team) discovered the compound that killed syphilis which was called salvarsan 606

Question 17

what were “magic bullets”?

Answer 17

• paul ehrlich’s discovery, using synthetic dyes for studying microbes discovered presence of antibodies in blood
• antibodies = “magic bullets”able to kill off specific bacteria

Question 18

how did technology improve medicine?

Answer 18

Machines invented make tablets , sugarcoated pills and gelatin capsules
allowed accurate doses of medicine to be given
mass production of drugs

Question 19

When did aspirin go on sale?

Answer 19

britain 1899 as everday painkiller

Question 20

when did boots start?

Answer 20

boots the chemist began in the 19 century making medicines

Question 21

what were the bad sides of medical treatments and remedies?

Answer 21

there was no control over these medicines
alcohol was a major ingredient and some contained arsenic and mercury, both poisonous
others addictive with large amounts of cocaine and opium as they’re active ingredient