HOMINID EV. TRENDS

Question 1

Acetabulum

Answer 1

socket of pelvis in which head of thigh bone fits

Question 2

Adaptation

Answer 2

particular structure/physiological process/form of behaviour
makes organism better able to survive + reproduce in a particular environment

Question 3

Bipedalism

Answer 3

walking on 2 legs

Question 4

Brow ridge

Answer 4

ridge of bone above eye sockets of skull

Question 5

Carrying angle

Answer 5

arrangement of thigh bones to form an angle to the verticle

Question 6

Cerebral cortex

Answer 6

outer layer of cerebrum
made of grey matter

Question 7

Cerebrum

Answer 7

largest part of brain
consists of left + right hemispheres

Question 8

Convolution

Answer 8

AKA gyrus
upward fold of cerebral cortex of brain

Question 9

Cranial capacity

Answer 9

volume of part of skull occupied by brain

Question 10

Cranium

Answer 10

part of skull that contains brain

Question 11

Dental arcade

Answer 11

shape of pattern made by teeth as they are set in jaw

Question 12

Dental formula

Answer 12

formula that gives no. of each type of tooth in 1/4 of jaw

Question 13

Diastema

Answer 13

gap in row of teeth
usually gap next to canine teeth in primates that are much longer than others

Question 14

Diurnal

Answer 14

active during the day

Question 15

Endocast

Answer 15

impression of inside of brain case
artificial/natural
rock/other solid material

Question 16

Femur

Answer 16

thigh bone

Question 17

Foramen magnum

Answer 17

opening beneath cranium through which spinal cord passes

Question 18

Frontal lobe

Answer 18

1 of 5 lobes of each cerebral hemisphere

Question 19

Hominid

Answer 19

member of family Hominidae
humans + other great apes

eg: chimps, gorillas, orangutans, + bonobos

Question 20

Hominin

Answer 20

member of tribe hominini
past + present humans

Question 21

Longitudinal arch

Answer 21

arch of foot bones from front to back

Question 22

Lumbar

Answer 22

lower region of spinal column
lumbar vertebrae support lower back

Question 23

metatarsals

Answer 23

bones of foot between toes + ankle

Question 24

Muscle tone

Answer 24

partial contraction of skeletal muscles

Question 25

Opposability

Answer 25

ability to use thumb to touch tips of each other digits on hand

Question 26

Pentadactyl

Answer 26

limb with 5 fingers/toes

Question 27

Power grip

Answer 27

force applied by fingers + thumb towards palm to transmit force to an object

Question 28

Precision grip

Answer 28

grasping of object between thumb tip + fingertip

eg: holding pencil

Question 29

Prehensile

Answer 29

grasping
digits of hand/foot that can grasp an object

Question 30

Prognathism

Answer 30

having protruding jaw

Question 31

Quadrupedalism

Answer 31

walking on 4 legs

Question 32

Striding gait

Answer 32

way of walking in which hip + knee fully extended

Question 33

Transverse arch

Answer 33

arch of foot bones running from side to side

Question 34

Brachiating

Answer 34

swinging from tree to tree

Question 35

Dental formula

Answer 35

no. of each type of tooth a species has

Question 36

Rods

Answer 36

vision in dim light

Question 37

Cones

Answer 37

colour vision