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HBIO > ENDOCRINE > Flashcards

ENDOCRINE Flashcards

1
Q

FSH

A

Follicle stim. hormone

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets ovaries + testes for

development of ovary follicles + sperm production

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2
Q

LH

A

Luteinising hormone

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets ovaries + testes for

stim. ovulation + corpus luteum maintenance + testosterone secretion

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3
Q

Adrenaline

A

Secreted from adrenal medulla

Targets most body cells for

fight/flight responses

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4
Q

Noradrenaline

A

Secreted from adrenal medulla

Targets most body cells for

fight/flight responses

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5
Q

Cortisol

A

Secreted from adrenal cortex

Targets most body cells for

stress response, inc. glucose in blood to brain, metabolism, repair of damaged tissues

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6
Q

Insulin

A

Secreted from beta cells in pancreas

Targets most body cells, liver + muscle for

dec. blood sugar level, inc. cell uptake, glucose to glycogen in liver, glycogen to glucose in skeletal muscles, glucose to fat in fat storage tissues

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7
Q

Glucagon

A

Secreted from alpha cells in pancreas

Targets liver + fat storage tissues for

inc. blood sugar levels, glycogen to glucose in liver, breakdown fat in liver + fat storage tissues

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8
Q

Oxytocin

A

Produced in hypothalamus and
Secreted from posterior pituitary

Targets uterus + mammary glands for

Uterus contraction during childbirth + secretion of milk

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9
Q

Testosterone

A

Secreted from testes

Targets many tissues for

sperm production, growth of skeleton + muscles, 2ndary sexual characteristics

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10
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted from ovaries

Targets uterus endometrium + mammary glands for

regulating menstrual cycle + pregnancy

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11
Q

Oestrogen

A

Secreted from ovaries

Targets many tissues for

2ndary sexual characteristics, regulates menstrual cycle, repair endometrium after menstrual

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12
Q

Growth hormone

A

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets all cells for

growth + protein synthesis

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13
Q

ADH

A

Antidiuretic hormone

Secreted from posterior pituitary

Targets kidneys for

reabsorption of water + constriction of arterioles

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14
Q

Aldosterone

A

Secreted from adrenal cortex

Targets kidneys for

inc. reabsorption of sodium + excretion of potassium ions

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14
Q

Thyroxine

A

Secreted from thyroid

Targets most body cells for

inc. metabolism- O2 consumption + heat production + release of glucose

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15
Q

Parathyroid hormone

A

Secreted from parathyroid

Targets bones + kidneys for

inc. calcium ion levels in blood- reabsorbed in kidneys, absorbed in digestive system + released from bone, + phosphate excretion in urine

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16
Q

ACTH

A

Adrenocorticotropic hormone

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets adrenal cortex for

cortisol + aldosterone secretion from adrenal cortex

17
Q

Prolactin

A

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets mammary glands for

Milk production

18
Q

TSH

A

Secreted from anterior pituitary

Targets thyroid for

stim. production + release of thyroxine

19
Q

Melatonin

A

Secreted from pineal gland

For

Regulation of sleep patterns

20
Q

Calcitonin

A

Secreted from thyroid

Targets kidneys + bones for

dec. blood calcium + phosphate- less reabsorbed by kidney, dec. breakdown of bone calcium

21
Q

Thymosins

A

Secreted from thymus

Targets T-lymphocytes for

Maturation

22
Q

EPO

A

Erythropoietin

Secreted from kidneys

Targets bone marrow for

stim. production of RBC’s

23
Q

Which hormones are secreted by the anterior pituitary?

A

FLAT GP

FSH
LH
ACTH
TSH
Growth
Prolactin

24
Q

What is enzyme amplification?

A

1 hormone triggers activation/production of thousands of enzyme molecules for each step of metabolic pathway

25
Q

What is hormone clearance?

A

After producing desired effect, hormones are turned off by breaking down in target cells / liver + kidneys / excreted in bile/urine

26
Q

Exocrine glands

A

secreted into duct to body surface/cavities

Eg: sweat, mucous, salivary

27
Q

Endocrine glands

A

hormones secreted into extracellular fluid to capillaries and bloodstream

28
Q

Steroid hormones affecting target cells

A

cortisol, testosterone, oestrogen

29
Q

Protein hormones affecting target cells

A

all pituitary hormones- FLAT GP

30
Q

Amine hormones affecting target cells

A

adrenaline, noradrenaline

31
Q

Releasing + inhibiting factors

A

stim./slow hormone secretion + travel through blood vessels from hypothalamus to anterior pituitary

32
Q

Hypothalamus

A

Involved in nervous + endocrine

Gland hormone secretions, sleeping, pupils, temp., water balance, heart rate

33
Q

Cerebellum

A

controls posture, balance, fine coordination of voluntary muscle movement + receives sensory info from inner ear + stretch receptors
all involuntary

34
Q

Inner ear

A

sensory info about balance + posture sent to cerebellum

35
Q

Stretch receptors

A

sensory info about muscle length in skeletal muscles sent to cerebellum

36
Q

Medulla oblongata centres

A

Cardiac
Respiratory
Vasomotor

Other

37
Q

Cardiac centre

A

regulates rate + force of heartbeat

38
Q

Respiratory centre

A

rate + depth of breathing

39
Q

Vasomotor centre

A

diameter of blood vessels

40
Q

Other medulla centres

A

Regulate reflexes of
Swallowing
sneezing
Coughing
Vomiting

HBIO (12 decks)

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