Homeostatic Imbalance - Exam 2

Question 1

» ADH (Anti Diuretic Hormone) deficiency due to hypothalamus or posterior pituitary damage
» Must keep well-hydrated

Answer 1

Diabetes Insipidus

Question 2

» Retention of fluid, headache, disorientation

» Fluid restriction; blood sodium level monitoring

Answer 2

Syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH)

Question 3

• In children results in gigantism

* In adults results in acromegaly

Answer 3

Hypersecretion of Growth Hormone

Question 4

• In children results in pituitary dwarfism

Answer 4

Hyposecretion of Growth Hormone

Question 5

causes inappropriate lactation, lack of menses, infertility in females, & impotence in males

Answer 5

Hyper Secretion of Prolactin

Question 6

Adults: Myxedema = Low metabolism, lethargy, chills, constipation
» Goiter present: If due to lack of iodine
– Infants: Cretinism = Mental retardation and disproportioned body

Answer 6

Hyposecretion of Thyroid Hormone

Question 7

– Graves disease
– Autoimmune - mimic TSH
– Symptoms = Increased metabolism, Irregular heartbeat, Weight loss and Exophthalmos
– Treatment: Surgery and Radioactive iodine

Answer 7

Hypersecretion of Thyroid Hormone

Question 8

• Bones soften and deform

* Elevated Ca2+ depresses nervous system and contributes to formation of kidney stones

Answer 8

Hyperparathyroidism due to tumor

Question 9

• Results in tetany, respiratory paralysis, and death

Answer 9

Hypoparathyroidism following gland trauma or removal or dietary magnesium deficiency

Question 10

hypersecretion due to adrenal tumors
– Hypertension and edema due to excessive Na+
– Excretion of K+ leading to abnormal function of neurons and muscle

Answer 10

Aldosteronism

Question 11

– Depresses cartilage and bone formation
– Inhibits inflammation
– Depresses immune system
– Disrupts cardiovascular, neural, & gastrointestinal function

Answer 11

Cushings Disease/Hypersecretion of glucocorticoids

Question 12

Also involves deficits in mineralocorticoids
» Decrease in glucose and Na+ levels
» Weight loss, severe dehydration, and hypotension

Answer 12

Hyposecretion of Glucocorticoids—Addison’s disease

Question 13

Hypersecretion of androgens
• Not noticeable in adult males
• Females and prepubertal males
– Boys – reproductive organs mature; secondary sex characteristics emerge early
– Females – beard, masculine pattern of body hair; clitoris resembles small penis

Answer 13

Adrenogenital syndrome (masculinization)

Question 14

increased metabolic rate, rapid heartbeat and palpitations, hypertension, intense nervousness, sweating

Answer 14

Hyperglycemia - Hypersecretion of Epinephrine/norepinephrine