HIV Infection in Surgery Flashcards
HIV is a retrovirus that depletes ___________ lymphocytes, resulting in ______ in susceptible individuals.
HIV destroys ______ cells, weakening the infected person’s immunity against opportunistic infections, such as _______ and _____ infections, severe bacterial infections and some cancers.
T4 helper/inducer; AIDS
CD4
tuberculosis and fungal
Transmision of HIV Infection
• Health care worker and others are at risk for HIV infection through:
• contaminated needle pricks
• contact( through ______,________) with infected ______/________
(_____,_____,______,______,_______ )
wounds, mucus membranes
blood/ body fluids
semen, preseminal fluid, rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, breast milk
The first HIV seroconversion in a health care worker was in _______
1984
stages of HIV infection
•Stage 1 :______________
•Stage 2:______________
•Stage 3 :______________
Acute HIV infection
Chronic HIV infection
AIDS
stages of HIV infection
Stage 1 : Acute HIV infection
• People have a _______ amount of HIV in their blood and are ________
• Many people have an initial period with ________ symptoms within _________ of
infection
large
very contagious.
flu-like; 2–4 weeks
stages of HIV infection
•Stage 2: Chronic HIV infection
• Stage of _________ HIV infection or ___________
• HIV is (active or inactive ?) and ___________ in the body.
• People may not have any symptoms or get sick during this phase but can ___________.
• People who take proper HIV treatment may not move into Stage 3 (AIDS). • Without HIV treatment, this stage may last ________ or longer, or may
progress faster, or be life-long with treatment,
• At its end, the viral load goes up and the person may move into Stage 3.
asymptomatic; clinical latency.
Active ; continues to reproduce
transmit HIV.
a decade
Stages of HIV Infection
•Stage 3: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) • The most severe stage of HIV infection.
• the CD4 T cell count falls below ______ cells/mm3
• People with AIDS have a high viral load and may easily transmit HIV.
• People with AIDS have highly compromised immune systems.
• They are more likely to develop infections, certain types of cancer, an other medical complications.
• They often get a number of opportunistic infections/ serious illnesses
• Without HIV treatment, people with AIDS typically survive for only about ___________
200
three years.
HIV complications: Certain cancers
• ____________
• ____________ cancer
• ____________
Kaposi sarcoma
• Invasive cervical cancer
• Lymphomas
HIV complications: Coinfections (> one infection is active at the same time):
• —————-,
• —————-,
• —————-,
• tuberculosis,
• hepatitis B
• hepatitis C
HIV complications: Mental health challenges:
• People living with HIV are twice as likely to have _________.
• Increased risk for other mood, anxiety, and cognitive disorders.
depression
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Types of HIV tests: ________ tests, ________ tests, and ________ tests (NAT).
• HIV tests are typically performed on _________ or ________. They may also be performed on _______.
antibody
antigen/antibody tests
nucleic acid tests (NAT).
blood or oral fluid
urine
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
• Antibody Test
• An antibody test looks for _______ to HIV in blood or oral fluid. •
antibodies
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Antigen/Antibody Test
• An antigen/antibody test looks for _______________
• Antigen/antibody tests are recommended for testing done in ______ .
both HIV antibodies and
antigens.
labs
Most rapid tests and HIV self-tests are —————- tests.
antibody
Diagnosis of HIV Infection
Nucleic Acid Test (NAT)
• A NAT _____________________ in the blood.
• This test can tell —————- is present in the blood (HIV _________test).
looks for the actual virus
how much virus ; viral load
