HIV and AIDS

Question 1

human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

Answer 1

retrovirus responsible for the development of aids

inserts genetic material into DNA of host to replicate

Question 2

acquired immune dificiency syndrome (AIDS)

Answer 2

increased susceptibility to opportunistic diseases

- immune system compromised and can’t fight infections

Question 3

reservoirs

Answer 3

shuts down cell and inserts DNA and just sits there - still infected but latent
can activate if person goes off medication and start producing copies of virus

Question 4

how does HIV work

Answer 4

HIV infects the lympocytes/CD4 cells of the immune system
decline in T lymphocytes results in decline of bodys ability to fight off diseases
after 8-10 years can develop into AIDS
flu like symptoms at first, weight loss, fever, dizzy

Question 5

diagnosis of AIDS

Answer 5

when CD4 cell count dips under 200 cells/mm3 or when one or more disease has been developed

1. pneumonia
2. toxoplasmosis
3. cryptococcosis
4. cytomegalovirus
5. kaposis sarcoma

Question 6

testing for HIV

Answer 6

look for antibodies that fight HIV or HIV in blood

examine antigens of HIV virus for 9 day post infection

Question 7

ELISA

Answer 7

enzyme linked immunoabsorbant assay

Question 8

where did HIV originate

Answer 8

Western Africa in 1930- P. t. troglodytes

species of ape that carries similar virus

Question 9

origin of HIV

Answer 9

closely related to simian immunodeficiency virus - SIV

in 1930 jumped from apes to humans

Question 10

cut hunter/bushmeat theory

Answer 10

during hunting or butchering of apes for meat there was a transfer of blood
mutated in human body to be able to be passed from human to human

Question 11

HIV in 1800-1900

Answer 11

industrialization brought more people into the cities
ease of travel helped virus spread
Congo gained indépendance and had no government
UN brought in staff from Haiti and someone took the virus back to Haiti
HIV carried from Haiti to United States (blood products or gay sex)

Question 12

1982

Answer 12

first death from AIDS- related illness

gay mens health crisis began in New York

Question 13

GRID

Answer 13

gay related immune deficiency

Question 14

AzT

Answer 14

first antiretroviral drug

Question 15

what is the treatment for aids now

Answer 15

PEP- post exposure prophylaxis
PrEP- pre exposure prophylaxis
TasP- treatment as prevention

Question 16

HAART

Answer 16

highly active antiretroviral therapy
combination of 3 drugs to inhibit replication of virus
determine baseline of CD4 cells and viral load

Question 17

prevention of HIV/AIDS

Answer 17

• behavioural (destigmatization)
• structural change, schools include HIV education and research into risk behaviours
• continue development for vaccine and cure

Question 18

Berlin patient

Answer 18

HIV positive with leukaemia received bone marrow transplant and was no longer HIV positive
hasn’t been replicated yet

Question 19

HIV worldwide

Answer 19

majority of people living with AIDS/HIV are sub-Saharan Africa
increasing in eastern europe

Question 20

90-90-90

Answer 20

90% of people with HIV to know status and be on HAART and have undetectable viral load
problems: access to testing, treatment, presentation strategies, stigma, education

Question 21

how is HIV spread

Answer 21

through any bodily fluid except saliva