HIV-AIDS

Question 0

Prototype Drug: Efavirenz (Sustiva)

Answer 0

•Therapeutic classification
–Antiretroviral
•Pharmacologic classification
–Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI)

•Pregnancy category D

•Contraindications
–Pregnancy

•Adverse effects
–CNS adverse effects observed in at least 50% of patients when initiating therapy
–Rash is common

•Patient/family teaching
–Report any of following to health care provider: skin rash, delusions, inappropriate behavior, suicidal thoughts
–Immediately report symptoms of infection
–Understand that this medication is not a cure for HIV infection and does not prevent the spread of HIV
–Use barrier contraception if using a hormonal contraceptive
–Do not discontinue this medication without approval of health care provider
–Do not drive or perform other hazardous activities until effects of the drug are known
–Do not breast-feed
–Immediately notify health care provider of any known or suspected pregnancy

Question 1

Prototype Drug: Zidovudine (Retrovir, AZT)

Answer 1

•Therapeutic classification
–Antiretroviral
•Pharmacologic classification
–Nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NRTI)
•Pregnancy category C
Contraindications
–Preexisting anemia
–Neutropenia
•Adverse effects
–Anemia and neutropenia are common
–Anorexia
–Nausea
–Diarrhea
–Fatigue
–Myalgia
–Generalized weakness
–Headache
•Patient/family teaching
–Immediately report symptoms of infection
–Understand this medication is not a cure for HIV and does not prevent spread of HIV to others
–Take HIV-AIDS drugs exactly as ordered
–Inform health care provider prior to using any herbal supplements
–Do not breast-feed while taking this drug
–Do not discontinue taking medication without approval of health care provider
–Immediately notify health care provider of any known or suspected pregnancy

Question 2

Prototype Drug: Lopinavir with Ritonavir (Kaletra)

Answer 2

•Therapeutic classification
–Antiretroviral
•Pharmacologic classification
–Protease inhibitor
•Pregnancy category C

•Contraindications
–Liver impairment
–Viral hepatitis
–Breast-feeding

•Adverse effects
–Diarrhea
–Headache
–GI-related effects
–May cause or worsen symptoms of diabetes
–Hyperglycemia
–Lipidodystrophy syndrome
–Large increases in total cholesterol and triglycerides may occur
–Fat redistribution

•Patient/family teaching
–Kaletra is not a cure for HIV infection; does not prevent the spread of HIV
–Swallow tablets whole
–Immediately report adverse effects
–Use an additional form of reliable birth control
–Avoid drinking alcohol
–Do not take prescription, OTC medications, supplements, or herbal products without approval
–Do not discontinue without approval
–Notify health care provider of pregnancy–Report changes in body fat