Antibiotics Effecting bacteria Protein Synthesis

Question 0

Erythromycin (EryC, Erythrocin,others)

Macrolide

Answer 0

Therapeutic class- antibacterial

Pharmacologic class- protein synthesis inhibitor, macrolide

Pregnancy category B

Contraindications-
Hypersensitivity to drugs in the Macrolide class
Terfenadine, astemizole, or cisapride

Adverse effects-
Nausea, vomiting, and abdominal cramping
Phlebitis and intense pain at the IV injection site

Patient family teaching-
Monitor for severe diarrhea
Immediately report diarrhea with fatigue, abdominal pain, or fever (even after end of treatment)
Report any hearing loss
Take erythromycin at least one hour before or two hours after meals
Do not take with, or just after, fruit juices or carbonated drinks
Shake liquid and pediatric drops well
Some brands of the drug can be taken with meals
Do not breast-feed

Question 1

Tetracycline (Sumycin,others)

Answer 1

Therapeutic class- antibacterial

Pharmacologic class- protein synthesis inhibitor, tetracycline

Pregnancy category D

Contraindications-
allergy to any drug in the tetracycline class
Pregnancy

Adverse effects-
Super infections
Nausea,vomiting, epigastric burning, diarrhea, discoloration of the teeth, and photosensitivity
Can worsen pre-existing kidney impairment

Patient family teaching-
Use meticulous oral and skincare
Clean affected skin with soap and water,rinse and dry well before treatment
Protect eyes, nose,and mouth from topical medication; keep it off clothing
Maximal results may take up to 12 weeks
Skin may look bright yellow two fluorescent green under UV and black lights
Report worsening infection,stinging,or burning sensation
No antacids calcium supplements, iron products, and laxatives with magnesium
Wear protective clothing,sunglasses, and sunscreen when outdoors;minimize exposure to sunlight
Do not breast-feed
Immediately report known or suspected pregnancy

Question 2

Gentamicin (Garamycin, others)

Aminoglycodide

Answer 2

Therapeutic class- antibacterial

Pharmacologic class- protein synthesis inhibitor aminoglycoside

Pregnancy category D (parenteral)

Contraindications-
Hypersensitivity to aminoglycosides
Pregnant or breast-feeding

Adverse effects-
Rash
Nausea
Vomiting
Fatigue

Patient family teaching-
Avoid direct exposure to sunlight
Wear protective clothing, sunglasses, and sunscreen
Do not breast-feed
Immediately report changes in hearing or low urinary output
Report lack of improvement after 3 to 4 days
Immediately report known or suspected pregnancy

Question 3

Miscellaneous inhibitors of bacterial protein synthesis

Answer 3

Chloramphenicol-
Used to treat salmonella, rickettsiae, streptococci, typhoid fever, meningitis caused by H. Influenzae; gray baby syndrome

Clindamycin (Cleocin, others)-
Used to treat Bacteriides fragilis, Fusobacterim,Actinomyces, Clistridium; high incidence of diarrhea

Lincomycin-
Therapeutic uses similar to clindamycin; psuedomembraneous colitis

Linezolid (Zyvox)-
Oxazolidinone class
Used to treat infections resistant to other antibiotics including MRSA, and VRE; GI distress, myelosupression

Quinupristin-dalfopristin (Synercid)-
Streptogramin class
Used to treat vancomycin-resistant E.faecium infections and complicated MRSA or streptococcus pyogenes infections; joint pain, rash, diarrhea, venous  irritation

Telithromycin (Ketek)-
Newer, broad-spectrum member of ketoludes class
Used to treat bronchitis, sinusitis, community acquired pneumonia; GI effects, hepatoxicity, vision effects