HIV

Question 1

Where in the world is HIV infection most common?

Answer 1

Sub-Saharan Africa

Question 2

What type of virus is HIV?

Answer 2

Retrovirus

Question 3

Why is HIV more common in MSM?

Answer 3

Rectal epithelium is thinner and largely non-keratinized so more easily penetrated by viruses
(hence anoreceptive sex as highest risk)

Question 4

Name 4 modes of HIV transmission

Answer 4

Sex
PWID
Infected blood product
Mother-child

Question 5

What enzyme is responsible for retroviruses unloading RNA into a host cell?

Answer 5

Reverse transcriptase

Question 6

What types of organisms are the most common sources of infection in HIV?

Answer 6

Fungi
Viruses
Mycobacteria

Question 7

When is the window period of HIV infection where infection is undetectable?

Answer 7

0-4wk (double check this)

Question 8

What component of the immune system is found at lower levels in HIV?

Answer 8

CD4+

Question 9

What component of the immune system is found at higher levels in HIV?

Answer 9

CD8+

Question 10

There is a chronic state of immune activation in HIV infection. T or F

Answer 10

True

Question 11

CD4 is a receptor protein, what type of immune cells is it present on?

Answer 11

T helper cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglia

Question 12

What are the stages of HIV infection?

Answer 12

Primary infection
Acute HIV syndrome
Asymptomatic phase
Constitutional phase
AIDS

Question 13

Can you transmit HIV during the asymptomatic phase?

Answer 13

Yes

Question 14

Is the virus active during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection?

Answer 14

Yes, viral replication continues

Question 15

How long post contact does primary HIV infection occur?

Answer 15

2-4wk

Question 16

How does primary HIV infection present?

Answer 16

Fever
Maculopapular rash
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
HA
Aseptic meningitis

Question 17

Give examples of opportunistic parasitic infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

Answer 17

Toxoplasmosis

Question 18

Give examples of mycobacterium infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

Answer 18

TB

PCP

Question 19

Give example of viral infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

Answer 19

HPV
CMV
HZ
HSV

Question 20

What infection in HIV/AIDS presents with insidious SOB, a dry cough at exercise desaturation?

Answer 20

PCP pneumonia

Question 21

What is the management of PCP pneumonia in HIV/AIDS?

Answer 21

Co-trimox

Question 22

TB in HIV aids is [more/less] likely to be extra-pulmonary or miliary and is [more/less] likely to be drug resistant

Answer 22

More

More

Question 23

What infection in HIV/AIDS causes multiple brain abscesses, chorioretinitis, seizures and fever?

Answer 23

Toxoplasmosis

Question 24

What infection in HIV/AIDS causes retinitis, esophagitis, colitis - which presents as decreased visual acuity, floaters, abdo pain and PR bleeding?

Answer 24

CMV

Question 25

What form of eczema is much more common in AIDS?

Answer 25

Seborrheic dermatitis

Question 26

What is the infecting agent in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopy?

Answer 26

JC virus

Question 27

How does HIV related cognitive impairment present?

Answer 27

Decreased short term memory

Question 28

What derm condition flares up in HIV/AIDS?

Answer 28

Psoriasis

Question 29

What type of malignancy can HSV cause in AIDS?

Answer 29

Kaposi's sarcoma

Question 30

Where do Kaposi's sarcomas occur?

Answer 30

Skin Mucosa Lung GI

Question 31

What type of malignancy can EBV cause in AIDS?

Answer 31

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

Question 32

What type of malignancy can HPV cause in AIDS?

Answer 32

Cervical

Question 33

HIV screening is offered at all antenatal clinics. T or F

Answer 33

True

Question 34

Do you need consent to test someone for HIV?

Answer 34

Yes, must tell them and gain constent

Question 35

A CD4 count below what level is classed as immunocompromised?

Answer 35

<200 | 500-700 normal

Question 36

What is the 1st positive test in HIV infection?

Answer 36

Positive viral load RNA

Question 37

What is the 2nd positive test in HIV infection?

Answer 37

p24 capsule protein

Question 38

What does ARV stand for?

Answer 38

Anti-retroviral

Question 39

What is the 1st line drug Mx of HIV?

Answer 39

HAART

Question 40

What does HAART stand for?

Answer 40

Highly active ant-retroviral therapy

Question 41

What is HAART?

Answer 41

``` 1 TAB OD >2 drug classes 3 drugs virus susceptible ```

Question 42

What is the aim in drug Mx in HIV?

Answer 42

Undetectable viral load

Question 43

What is the commonest class of drugs in HAARTs?

Answer 43

RTI reverse transcriptase inhibitors

Question 44

What drug class is used in PTx who are RTI resistant?

Answer 44

Protease inhibitors

Question 45

What is an NRTI?

Answer 45

Nucleotide analogue RTI

Question 46

How long do patients live for on average in HIV infection without Tx?

Answer 46

9-11 years

Question 47

With Tx, HIV patients have a normal life expectancy. T or F

Answer 47

True

Question 48

What vaccines should be given to HIV +ve PTx?

Answer 48

HAV HBV Flu HPV

Question 49

How do you know if a HIV PTx is able to transmit the virus?

Answer 49

+ve viral load = transmittable

Question 50

Heterosexual males make up the biggest proportion of those with +ve undiagnosed HIV. T or F

Answer 50

True

Question 51

What is PrEP?

Answer 51

Pre exposure prophylaxis

Question 52

What is PEP?

Answer 52

Post exposure prophylaxis

Question 53

What protocols are in place for HIV+ women giving birth?

Answer 53

Neonate 4wk PEP No breastfeeding Vaginal delivery only if viral load 0

Question 54

How often is PrEP taken?

Answer 54

Either event based or OD

Question 55

How long after exposure must PEP be initiated?

Answer 55

Within 72 hours | for 28day

Question 56

What age must you be to be eligible for PrEP?

Answer 56

16yr

Question 57

If you're partner has a viral load of 0, are you eligible for PrEP?

Answer 57

No, must have +ve viral load