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Y3 Reproductive > HIV > Flashcards

HIV Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the world is HIV infection most common?

A

Sub-Saharan Africa

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2
Q

What type of virus is HIV?

A

Retrovirus

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3
Q

Why is HIV more common in MSM?

A

Rectal epithelium is thinner and largely non-keratinized so more easily penetrated by viruses
(hence anoreceptive sex as highest risk)

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4
Q

Name 4 modes of HIV transmission

A

Sex
PWID
Infected blood product
Mother-child

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5
Q

What enzyme is responsible for retroviruses unloading RNA into a host cell?

A

Reverse transcriptase

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6
Q

What types of organisms are the most common sources of infection in HIV?

A

Fungi
Viruses
Mycobacteria

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7
Q

When is the window period of HIV infection where infection is undetectable?

A

0-4wk (double check this)

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8
Q

What component of the immune system is found at lower levels in HIV?

A

CD4+

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9
Q

What component of the immune system is found at higher levels in HIV?

A

CD8+

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10
Q

There is a chronic state of immune activation in HIV infection. T or F

A

True

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11
Q

CD4 is a receptor protein, what type of immune cells is it present on?

A

T helper cells
Dendritic cells
Macrophages
Microglia

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12
Q

What are the stages of HIV infection?

A 
Primary infection
Acute HIV syndrome
Asymptomatic phase
Constitutional phase
AIDS
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13
Q

Can you transmit HIV during the asymptomatic phase?

A

Yes

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14
Q

Is the virus active during the asymptomatic phase of HIV infection?

A

Yes, viral replication continues

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15
Q

How long post contact does primary HIV infection occur?

A

2-4wk

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16
Q

How does primary HIV infection present?

A 
Fever
Maculopapular rash
Myalgia
Pharyngitis
HA
Aseptic meningitis
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17
Q

Give examples of opportunistic parasitic infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

A

Toxoplasmosis

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18
Q

Give examples of mycobacterium infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

A

TB

PCP

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19
Q

Give example of viral infections that occur in HIV/AIDS

A

HPV
CMV
HZ
HSV

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20
Q

What infection in HIV/AIDS presents with insidious SOB, a dry cough at exercise desaturation?

A

PCP pneumonia

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21
Q

What is the management of PCP pneumonia in HIV/AIDS?

A

Co-trimox

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22
Q

TB in HIV aids is [more/less] likely to be extra-pulmonary or miliary and is [more/less] likely to be drug resistant

A

More

More

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23
Q

What infection in HIV/AIDS causes multiple brain abscesses, chorioretinitis, seizures and fever?

A

Toxoplasmosis

24
Q

What infection in HIV/AIDS causes retinitis, esophagitis, colitis - which presents as decreased visual acuity, floaters, abdo pain and PR bleeding?

A

CMV

25
Q

What form of eczema is much more common in AIDS?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

26
Q

What is the infecting agent in progressive multifocal leukoencephalopy?

A

JC virus

27
Q

How does HIV related cognitive impairment present?

A

Decreased short term memory

28
Q

What derm condition flares up in HIV/AIDS?

A

Psoriasis

29
Q

What type of malignancy can HSV cause in AIDS?

A

Kaposi’s sarcoma

30
Q

Where do Kaposi’s sarcomas occur?

A

Skin
Mucosa
Lung
GI

31
Q

What type of malignancy can EBV cause in AIDS?

A

Non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma

32
Q

What type of malignancy can HPV cause in AIDS?

A

Cervical

33
Q

HIV screening is offered at all antenatal clinics. T or F

A

True

34
Q

Do you need consent to test someone for HIV?

A

Yes, must tell them and gain constent

35
Q

A CD4 count below what level is classed as immunocompromised?

A

<200

500-700 normal

36
Q

What is the 1st positive test in HIV infection?

A

Positive viral load RNA

37
Q

What is the 2nd positive test in HIV infection?

A

p24 capsule protein

38
Q

What does ARV stand for?

A

Anti-retroviral

39
Q

What is the 1st line drug Mx of HIV?

A

HAART

40
Q

What does HAART stand for?

A

Highly active ant-retroviral therapy

41
Q

What is HAART?

A 
1 TAB
OD
>2 drug classes
3 drugs
virus susceptible
42
Q

What is the aim in drug Mx in HIV?

A

Undetectable viral load

43
Q

What is the commonest class of drugs in HAARTs?

A

RTI reverse transcriptase inhibitors

44
Q

What drug class is used in PTx who are RTI resistant?

A

Protease inhibitors

45
Q

What is an NRTI?

A

Nucleotide analogue RTI

46
Q

How long do patients live for on average in HIV infection without Tx?

A

9-11 years

47
Q

With Tx, HIV patients have a normal life expectancy. T or F

A

True

48
Q

What vaccines should be given to HIV +ve PTx?

A

HAV
HBV
Flu
HPV

49
Q

How do you know if a HIV PTx is able to transmit the virus?

A

+ve viral load = transmittable

50
Q

Heterosexual males make up the biggest proportion of those with +ve undiagnosed HIV. T or F

A

True

51
Q

What is PrEP?

A

Pre exposure prophylaxis

52
Q

What is PEP?

A

Post exposure prophylaxis

53
Q

What protocols are in place for HIV+ women giving birth?

A

Neonate 4wk PEP
No breastfeeding
Vaginal delivery only if viral load 0

54
Q

How often is PrEP taken?

A

Either event based or OD

55
Q

How long after exposure must PEP be initiated?

A

Within 72 hours

for 28day

56
Q

What age must you be to be eligible for PrEP?

A

16yr

57
Q

If you’re partner has a viral load of 0, are you eligible for PrEP?

A

No, must have +ve viral load

Y3 Reproductive (28 decks)

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