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Y3 Reproductive > Anatomy Lecture 2 Female > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 2 Female Flashcards

1
Q

Is the vagina within the pelvic cavity or the perineum?

A

Superior vagina within pelvic cavity. Inferior vagina within perineum

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2
Q

Are Bartholin’s glands within the pelvic cavity or the perineum?

A

Bartholin’s glands are within the perineum

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3
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum?

A

Levator ani muscle

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4
Q

The levator ani muscle is part of the _____

A

The levator ani muscle is part of the pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

The _____ forms a roof over the pelvic organs

A

The parietal peritoneum forms a roof over the pelvic organs

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6
Q

Name the 2 pouches formed from parietal peritoneum over the pelvic organs

A

Vesico-uterine pouch

Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

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7
Q

Name the most inferior point of the of the female peritoneal cavity

A

Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

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8
Q

Name the procedure used to drain fluid from the recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

A

Culdocentesis

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9
Q

During a culdocentesis, a needle is placed through the _____ to access the recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

A

posterior fornix of the vagina

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10
Q

Name the 2 ligaments of the uterus

A

Broad ligament and round ligament

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11
Q

What is the broad ligament formed of?

A

Double layer of parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus formed of?

A

Embryological remnant

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Lateral aspect of uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Lateral aspects of uterus to superficial tissue of female peritoneum

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15
Q

What structure does the broad ligament of the uterus pass through?

A

Deep inguinal ring

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16
Q

Which uterine ligament functions to maintain the uterus in a midline position?

A

Broad ligament

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17
Q

The ____ ligament of the uterus contains within it the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the ____ ligament of the uterus

A

The BROAD ligament of the uterus contains within it the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the ROUND ligament of the uterus

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18
Q

Name the 3 layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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19
Q

Name the 2 main parts of the uterus

A

Body and cervix (neck)

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20
Q

Where is the normal location of implantation?

A

Body of the uterus (anywhere else is ectopic pregnancy)

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21
Q

Weakness of the uterosacral ligament, endopelvic fascia and pelvic floor muscles can result in _____

A

(Inferior) uterine prolapse

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22
Q

Name the most common position of the uterus

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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23
Q

Name the axises of the that help describe the position of the uterus

A

Axis of vagina
Axis of cervix
Axis of uterus

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24
Q

What is the angle of anteversion between?

A

Axis of vagina

Axis of cervix

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25
Q

What is the angle of anteflexion between?

A

Axis of cervix

Axis of uterus

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26
Q

In an anteverted uterus the _____ is tipped _____ relative to the axis of the vagina

A

In an anteverted uterus the CERVIX is tipped ANTERIORLY relative to the axis of the vagina

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27
Q

In an anteflexed uterus the _____ is tipped _____ relative to the axis of the cervix

A

In an anteflexed uterus the UTERUS is tipped ANTERIORLY relative to the axis of the cervix

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28
Q

Name the less common normal anatomical variation of the position of the uterus

A

Retroverted and retroflexed (tipped posteriorly)

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29
Q

The walls of the vagina are usually _____

A

collapsed

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30
Q

Where is the transition zone of the female reproductive system located? What are the types of epithelium here?

A

Secretory columnar epithelium of adult cervix transitions to squamous epithelium in vagina

31
Q

What is the transition zone also referred to as?

A

Squamo-columnar junction

32
Q

What structure is the entrance to the cervix?

A

External cervical os

33
Q

Where does fertilisation occur?

A

Ampulla of uterine tube

34
Q

Name the procedure that is the removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries

A

Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy

35
Q

Name the part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the uterus

A

Isthmus

36
Q

Name the part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the ovary?

A

Infundibulum

37
Q

The fimbriae at the end of the uterine tubes _____ into the peritoneal cavity

A

The fimbriae at the end of the uterine tubes OPEN into the peritoneal cavity (allowing communinication between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity)

38
Q

Name a scan uterus to assess the patency of the uterine tubes

A

Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)

39
Q

Ovaries are compared in size and shape to what nut?

A

Almonds

40
Q

Where do ovaries develop embryologically?

A

Posterior abdominal wall

41
Q

An ovum is released monthly directly into the _____ to be picked up by the fimbriae of uterine tube

A

peritoneal cavity

42
Q

What is the vaginal fornix?

A

The part around the cervix

43
Q

Name the 4 parts of the vaginal cervix?

A

Lateral X2
Anterior
Posterior

44
Q

What part of the pelvis can be palpated laterally on the digital vaginal exam?

A

Ischial spines

45
Q

What are the adnexae?

A

Uterine tubes and ovaries

46
Q

Can the adnexae be palpated during vaginal digital examination?

A

Yes

47
Q

The ____ is the shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin

A

Perineum

48
Q

Name the 2 triangles of the perineum

A

Urogenital triangle

Anal triangle

49
Q

What form the lateral corners of the 2 triangles of the perineum?

A

Ischial spines

50
Q

What forms the anterior corner of the urogenital triangle?

A

Pubic symphesis

51
Q

What forms the posterior triangle of the anal triangle?

A

Coccyx

52
Q

Is the levator ani smooth or skeletal?

A

Skeletal muscle

53
Q

What is the nerve supply to the levator ani? And what nerve roots does it emerge from?

A

Nerve to levator ani - S3, 4, 5

54
Q

What nerve supplies the perineal muscles? And what nerve roots does it emerge from?

A

Pudendal nerve - S2, 3, 4

55
Q

The _______ is a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach. It is located just deep to skin

A

Perineal body

56
Q

What is Bartholin’s gland also known as?

A

Greater vestibular gland

57
Q

Do males have Bartholin’s glands?

A

No

58
Q

What is the vaginal vestibule?

A

Space around external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice

59
Q

The bed of the breast extends from ribs ____

A

2 - 6

60
Q

What structure is directly deep to breasts?

A

Retromammary space

61
Q

The breasts firmly attach to skin via _____

A

Suspensory ligaments

62
Q

Name the centre of the nipple

A

Areola

63
Q

What structures are deep to the retromammary space?

A

Fascia
Pec major
Serratus anterior

64
Q

What is the lateral border of the breast, and what part of the breast attaches here?

A

Mid-axillary line

Axillary tail of Spence

65
Q

What structure of the breast is only present in pregnant females?

A

Lactating lobules

otherwise non-lactating lobules

66
Q

Name the 4 breast quadrants

A

Upper inner
Lower inner
Lower outer
Upper outer

67
Q

> 75% of breast from the lymph drains to _____ and then to ______

A

> 75% of breast from the lymph drains to IPSILATERAL AXILLARY NODES and then to SUPRACLAVICULAR NODES

68
Q

Where does lymph from inner (medial) breast tissue drain to?

A

Parasternal nodes (ipsilateral or contralateral) (and then to supraclavicular nodes)

69
Q

The axillary nodes receive lymph from what structures as well as breasts?

A

Upper limbs

70
Q

Axillary node clearance describe the position or ‘level’ of node relative to the ______

A

Pectoralis minor

71
Q

Where are level I axillary nodes located?

A

Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor

72
Q

Where are level II axillary nodes located?

A

Deep to pectoralis minor

73
Q

Where are level III axillary nodes located?

A

Superior and medial to pectoralis minor

74
Q

Which artery is a branch of the subclavian artery contributes to the blood supply to the breast?

A

Internal thoracic artery

AKA internal mammary artery

Y3 Reproductive (28 decks)

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