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Y3 Reproductive > Anatomy Lecture 2 Female > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 2 Female Flashcards

1
Q

Is the vagina within the pelvic cavity or the perineum?

A

Superior vagina within pelvic cavity. Inferior vagina within perineum

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2
Q

Are Bartholin’s glands within the pelvic cavity or the perineum?

A

Bartholin’s glands are within the perineum

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3
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity and the perineum?

A

Levator ani muscle

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4
Q

The levator ani muscle is part of the _____

A

The levator ani muscle is part of the pelvic diaphragm

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5
Q

The _____ forms a roof over the pelvic organs

A

The parietal peritoneum forms a roof over the pelvic organs

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6
Q

Name the 2 pouches formed from parietal peritoneum over the pelvic organs

A

Vesico-uterine pouch

Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

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7
Q

Name the most inferior point of the of the female peritoneal cavity

A

Recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

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8
Q

Name the procedure used to drain fluid from the recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

A

Culdocentesis

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9
Q

During a culdocentesis, a needle is placed through the _____ to access the recto-uterine pouch of Douglas

A

posterior fornix of the vagina

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10
Q

Name the 2 ligaments of the uterus

A

Broad ligament and round ligament

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11
Q

What is the broad ligament formed of?

A

Double layer of parietal peritoneum

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12
Q

What is the round ligament of the uterus formed of?

A

Embryological remnant

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13
Q

What are the attachments of the broad ligament of the uterus?

A

Lateral aspect of uterus to lateral walls and floor of pelvis

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14
Q

What are the attachments of the round ligament of the uterus?

A

Lateral aspects of uterus to superficial tissue of female peritoneum

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15
Q

What structure does the broad ligament of the uterus pass through?

A

Deep inguinal ring

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16
Q

Which uterine ligament functions to maintain the uterus in a midline position?

A

Broad ligament

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17
Q

The ____ ligament of the uterus contains within it the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the ____ ligament of the uterus

A

The BROAD ligament of the uterus contains within it the uterine tubes and the proximal part of the ROUND ligament of the uterus

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18
Q

Name the 3 layers of the uterus

A

Perimetrium
Myometrium
Endometrium

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19
Q

Name the 2 main parts of the uterus

A

Body and cervix (neck)

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20
Q

Where is the normal location of implantation?

A

Body of the uterus (anywhere else is ectopic pregnancy)

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21
Q

Weakness of the uterosacral ligament, endopelvic fascia and pelvic floor muscles can result in _____

A

(Inferior) uterine prolapse

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22
Q

Name the most common position of the uterus

A

Anteverted and anteflexed

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23
Q

Name the axises of the that help describe the position of the uterus

A

Axis of vagina
Axis of cervix
Axis of uterus

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24
Q

What is the angle of anteversion between?

A

Axis of vagina

Axis of cervix

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25
What is the angle of anteflexion between?
Axis of cervix | Axis of uterus
26
In an anteverted uterus the _____ is tipped _____ relative to the axis of the vagina
In an anteverted uterus the CERVIX is tipped ANTERIORLY relative to the axis of the vagina
27
In an anteflexed uterus the _____ is tipped _____ relative to the axis of the cervix
In an anteflexed uterus the UTERUS is tipped ANTERIORLY relative to the axis of the cervix
28
Name the less common normal anatomical variation of the position of the uterus
Retroverted and retroflexed (tipped posteriorly)
29
The walls of the vagina are usually _____
collapsed
30
Where is the transition zone of the female reproductive system located? What are the types of epithelium here?
Secretory columnar epithelium of adult cervix transitions to squamous epithelium in vagina
31
What is the transition zone also referred to as?
Squamo-columnar junction
32
What structure is the entrance to the cervix?
External cervical os
33
Where does fertilisation occur?
Ampulla of uterine tube
34
Name the procedure that is the removal of both uterine tubes and ovaries
Bilateral salpingo-oophrectomy
35
Name the part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the uterus
Isthmus
36
Name the part of the uterine tube between the ampulla and the ovary?
Infundibulum
37
The fimbriae at the end of the uterine tubes _____ into the peritoneal cavity
The fimbriae at the end of the uterine tubes OPEN into the peritoneal cavity (allowing communinication between the genital tract and the peritoneal cavity)
38
Name a scan uterus to assess the patency of the uterine tubes
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG)
39
Ovaries are compared in size and shape to what nut?
Almonds
40
Where do ovaries develop embryologically?
Posterior abdominal wall
41
An ovum is released monthly directly into the _____ to be picked up by the fimbriae of uterine tube
peritoneal cavity
42
What is the vaginal fornix?
The part around the cervix
43
Name the 4 parts of the vaginal cervix?
Lateral X2 Anterior Posterior
44
What part of the pelvis can be palpated laterally on the digital vaginal exam?
Ischial spines
45
What are the adnexae?
Uterine tubes and ovaries
46
Can the adnexae be palpated during vaginal digital examination?
Yes
47
The ____ is the shallow space between pelvic diaphragm and the skin
Perineum
48
Name the 2 triangles of the perineum
Urogenital triangle | Anal triangle
49
What form the lateral corners of the 2 triangles of the perineum?
Ischial spines
50
What forms the anterior corner of the urogenital triangle?
Pubic symphesis
51
What forms the posterior triangle of the anal triangle?
Coccyx
52
Is the levator ani smooth or skeletal?
Skeletal muscle
53
What is the nerve supply to the levator ani? And what nerve roots does it emerge from?
Nerve to levator ani - S3, 4, 5
54
What nerve supplies the perineal muscles? And what nerve roots does it emerge from?
Pudendal nerve - S2, 3, 4
55
The _______ is a bundle of collagenous and elastic tissue into which the perineal muscles attach. It is located just deep to skin
Perineal body
56
What is Bartholin's gland also known as?
Greater vestibular gland
57
Do males have Bartholin's glands?
No
58
What is the vaginal vestibule?
Space around external urethral orifice and vaginal orifice
59
The bed of the breast extends from ribs ____
2 - 6
60
What structure is directly deep to breasts?
Retromammary space
61
The breasts firmly attach to skin via _____
Suspensory ligaments
62
Name the centre of the nipple
Areola
63
What structures are deep to the retromammary space?
Fascia Pec major Serratus anterior
64
What is the lateral border of the breast, and what part of the breast attaches here?
Mid-axillary line | Axillary tail of Spence
65
What structure of the breast is only present in pregnant females?
Lactating lobules | otherwise non-lactating lobules
66
Name the 4 breast quadrants
Upper inner Lower inner Lower outer Upper outer
67
>75% of breast from the lymph drains to _____ and then to ______
>75% of breast from the lymph drains to IPSILATERAL AXILLARY NODES and then to SUPRACLAVICULAR NODES
68
Where does lymph from inner (medial) breast tissue drain to?
Parasternal nodes (ipsilateral or contralateral) (and then to supraclavicular nodes)
69
The axillary nodes receive lymph from what structures as well as breasts?
Upper limbs
70
Axillary node clearance describe the position or 'level' of node relative to the ______
Pectoralis minor
71
Where are level I axillary nodes located?
Inferior and lateral to pectoralis minor
72
Where are level II axillary nodes located?
Deep to pectoralis minor
73
Where are level III axillary nodes located?
Superior and medial to pectoralis minor
74
Which artery is a branch of the subclavian artery contributes to the blood supply to the breast?
Internal thoracic artery | AKA internal mammary artery

Y3 Reproductive (28 decks)

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