Breast Physiology + Conditions Flashcards
What is the commonest / 1st line imaging modality used to view the breast?
US
What is the functional unit of the breast?
TDLU terminal duct lobular unit
What is the TDLU connected to in the non-lactating breast? And what structure is it connected to?
Intralobular collecting duct
Lactiferous duct
What structure is between the lactiferous duct and the nipple?
Lactiferous sinus
What type of gland is within the breast?
Tubuloacinar glands
The breasts are composed of secretory ______. Each breast has ______.
The breasts are composed of secretory LOBULES. Each breast has 15-25.
What are attachments of the suspensory ligaments? AKA Cupar’s ligaments
Dermis to deep fascia
What types of epithelium are in the breast lobule?
Cuboidal + columnar secretory epithelium
What cell type surrounds the TDLU?
Contractile myoepithelial cells
What type of epithelium is the nipple?
Keratinized stratified squamous
+ Erectile tissue
Do the TDLU epithelial cells increase in height during the luteal or follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?
Luteal phase
During the menstrual cycle luteal phase, there are physiological small secretions in the TDLU. T or F
False
What changes happen to the histology of the breast post menopause?
TDLUs degenerate
Ducts remain
What histological change happens to the breasts during the 1st trimester of pregnancy?
What hormones are responsible for this?
Small ducts branch and elongate
Glands proliferate
E + P
What histological change happens to the breasts during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?
Increase no.s of rER (contribute protein to breast milk)
Decrease in adipose tissue
What Ig is present in breast milk?
Secretory IgA
Is the lipid component of breast milk an apocrine or merocrine secretion?
Apocrine
GOOGLE LATER WHAT THIS MEANS
What age does physiological nipple discharge happen? What colour is it?
Reproductive age
White / yellow
Name 4 causes of nipple discharge
Physiological
Cancer
Paget’s
Papilloma
What is gynaecomastia?
Increased breast tissue growth in males
How does the structure of male breasts compare with females?
Only ducts no lobules
Disease of what GI organ is a common cause of gynaecomastia?
Liver
What pathogens are common in puerperal mastitis?
S. aureus
S. pyogenes
How does puerperal mastitis present?
Hot, red, swollen, painful
+-Fever
