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Y3 Reproductive > Breast Physiology + Conditions > Flashcards

Breast Physiology + Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What is the commonest / 1st line imaging modality used to view the breast?

A

US

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2
Q

What is the functional unit of the breast?

A

TDLU terminal duct lobular unit

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3
Q

What is the TDLU connected to in the non-lactating breast? And what structure is it connected to?

A

Intralobular collecting duct

Lactiferous duct

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4
Q

What structure is between the lactiferous duct and the nipple?

A

Lactiferous sinus

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5
Q

What type of gland is within the breast?

A

Tubuloacinar glands

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6
Q

The breasts are composed of secretory ______. Each breast has ______.

A

The breasts are composed of secretory LOBULES. Each breast has 15-25.

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7
Q

What are attachments of the suspensory ligaments? AKA Cupar’s ligaments

A

Dermis to deep fascia

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8
Q

What types of epithelium are in the breast lobule?

A

Cuboidal + columnar secretory epithelium

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9
Q

What cell type surrounds the TDLU?

A

Contractile myoepithelial cells

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10
Q

What type of epithelium is the nipple?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous

+ Erectile tissue

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11
Q

Do the TDLU epithelial cells increase in height during the luteal or follicular phase of the menstrual cycle?

A

Luteal phase

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12
Q

During the menstrual cycle luteal phase, there are physiological small secretions in the TDLU. T or F

A

False

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13
Q

What changes happen to the histology of the breast post menopause?

A

TDLUs degenerate

Ducts remain

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14
Q

What histological change happens to the breasts during the 1st trimester of pregnancy?
What hormones are responsible for this?

A

Small ducts branch and elongate
Glands proliferate
E + P

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15
Q

What histological change happens to the breasts during the 3rd trimester of pregnancy?

A

Increase no.s of rER (contribute protein to breast milk)

Decrease in adipose tissue

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16
Q

What Ig is present in breast milk?

A

Secretory IgA

17
Q

Is the lipid component of breast milk an apocrine or merocrine secretion?

A

Apocrine

GOOGLE LATER WHAT THIS MEANS

18
Q

What age does physiological nipple discharge happen? What colour is it?

A

Reproductive age

White / yellow

19
Q

Name 4 causes of nipple discharge

A

Physiological
Cancer
Paget’s
Papilloma

20
Q

What is gynaecomastia?

A

Increased breast tissue growth in males

21
Q

How does the structure of male breasts compare with females?

A

Only ducts no lobules

22
Q

Disease of what GI organ is a common cause of gynaecomastia?

A

Liver

23
Q

What pathogens are common in puerperal mastitis?

A

S. aureus

S. pyogenes

24
Q

How does puerperal mastitis present?

A

Hot, red, swollen, painful

+-Fever

25
Q

Should women continue breastfeeding if they have puerperal mastitis?

A

Yes

26
Q

What is the main complication of puerperal mastitis?

A

Breast abscess

27
Q

What is Ix should be done for a breast abscess?

A

US + FNA

28
Q

What is the Mx of a breast abscess?

A

Drain + ABx

29
Q

What is the main risk factor for duct ectasia?

A

Smoking

30
Q

How does duct ectasia present?

A

Acute episodic pain
Nipple distortion
Discharge +-blood

31
Q

What is the pathology of duct ectasia?

A

Inflammatory

Fibrotic

32
Q

What are the 2 main complications of duct ectasia?

A

Fistula

Mastitis

33
Q

What is the Mx of mastitis due to duct ectasia?

A

Augmentin

34
Q

What type of pathogens are the most common infecting agents in duct ectasia mastitis?

A

Anaerobes

35
Q

Mastalgia in women older than ___ requires a mammogram

A

35

36
Q

The commonest cause of mastalgia is

A

Premenstrual cyclical mastalgia

37
Q

What inflammatory MSK related cause of chest pain may be mistaken for mastalgia?

A

Tietze syndrome costochondritis

38
Q

Tamoxifen can be used in the Mx of mastalgia. T or F

A

True

Y3 Reproductive (28 decks)

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