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Y3 Reproductive > Anatomy Lecture 4 Embryology > Flashcards

Anatomy Lecture 4 Embryology Flashcards

1
Q

Define gastrulation

A

formation of the trilaminar disc

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2
Q

Name the germ layers

A

Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

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3
Q

Name the 3 groups of mesoderm

A

Paraxial
Intermediate
Lateral plane

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4
Q

Invagination of the ______ through the primitive streak forms the endoderm and mesoderm.

A

Invagination of the EPIBLAST CELLS through the primitive streak forms the endoderm and mesoderm.

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5
Q

What germ layer do the genitals arise from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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6
Q

What germ layer does the urinary system arise from?

A

Intermediate mesoderm

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7
Q

What is the cloaca?

A

Cavity of urogenital ducts in early foetus

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8
Q

At what week do the primordial germ cells within the yolk sac migrate to intermediate mesoderm?

A

Weeks 4-6

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9
Q

Coelomic epithelium proliferates and thickens to form ______.

A

Coelomic epithelium proliferates and thickens to form GENITAL RIDGES.

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10
Q

Proliferating epithelium will form somatic supports cells which envelop the primordial germ cells. This forms __________.

A

Proliferating epithelium will form somatic supports cells which envelop the primordial germ cells. This forms PRIMITIVE SEX CORDS.

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11
Q

What is the other name of the Wollfian duct?

A

Mesonephric duct

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12
Q

What is the other name of the Mullerian duct

A

Paramesonephric duct

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13
Q

The mesonephric and paramesonephric duct connect to the posterior wall of the _______.

A

The mesonephric and paramesonephric duct connect to the posterior wall of the UROGENITAL SINUS.

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14
Q

What phase of development happens when the indifferent gonad is present?

A

Bipotential phase

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15
Q

Sexual differentiation occurs from week ____ onwards.

A

week 7

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16
Q

In male development, the SRY region triggers the somatic support cells differentiate into ______.

A

Sertoli cells

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17
Q

In male development, the primary sex cords form the ______.

A

Testis cords aka medullary cords

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18
Q

Internal male genital is triggered by the ______.

A

Presence of the sex determining region on the Y chromosome

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19
Q

The ______ connect the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords.

A

The RETE TESTIS connect the mesonephric tubules to the testis cords.

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20
Q

Between the coelomic epithelium and testis cords, a thickened layer of connect tissue forms the ________.

A

Between the coelomic epithelium and testis cords, a thickened layer of connect tissue forms the TUNICA ALBUGINEA.

21
Q

Sertoli cells secrete _____ which leads to the degeneration of the _____ duct.

A

Sertoli cells secrete ANTI-MULLERIAN HORMONE which leads to the degeneration of the PARAMESONEPHRIC duct.

22
Q

Sertoli cells stimulate ______ to form ______ which secrete testosterone.

A

Sertoli cells stimulate GONADAL RIDGE CELLS to form LEYDIG CELLS which secrete testosterone.

23
Q

______ (hormone) induces the formation of the epididymis, seminal vesicles and vas D from the ______ duct.

A

TESTOSTERONE (hormone) induces the formation of the epididymis, seminal vesicles and vas D from the MESONEPHRIC duct.

24
Q

A mutation in anti-Mullerian hormone or is receptors would mean the Mullerian (paramesonephric) ducts would fail to regress. What is the name of this syndrome?

A

Persistent Mullerian Duct syndrome

25
Q

In persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, do the external genitalia resemble a male or female?

A

Male

26
Q

In persistent Mullerian duct syndrome, which internal genital organs are present?

A

Vagina, uterus, uterine tubes, testis

27
Q

What vertebral level to the testis originate at?

A

T10

28
Q

Gubernaculum aids the descents of the ____ in males.

A

Testis

29
Q

Put these covering of the testis in order from deep to superficial:

  • Scrotum
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Cremaster muscle
A
  • Tunica vaginalis
  • Internal spermatic fascia
  • Cremaster muscle
  • External spermatic fascia
  • Scrotum
30
Q

The prostate, bulbourethral glands and seminal vesicles are ______ of the male genital system

A

accessory glands

31
Q

What germ layer is the prostate derived from?

A

Endoderm

32
Q

What germ layer are the bulbourethral glands derived from?

A

Endoderm

33
Q

What germ layer are the seminal vesicles derived from?

A

Mesoderm

34
Q

What germ layer is the urethra derived from?

A

Endoderm

35
Q

In female development, germ cells differentiate into ______ and then into ______.

A

In female development, germ cells differentiate into OOGONIA and then into PRIMARY OOCYTES.

36
Q

In female development, somatic support cells differentiate into ______ and surround the primary oocytes. This forms the _____ in the ovary.

A

In female development, somatic support cells differentiate into GRANULOSA CELLS and surround the primary oocytes. This forms the PRIMORDIAL FOLLICLES in the ovary.

37
Q

What hormone is responsible for female external genitalia development?

A

Estrogen

38
Q

What hormone is responsible for the development of the paramesonephric ducts in the female?

A

Estrogen

39
Q

What structures of the female reproductive system do the paramesonephric (Mullerian) ducts give rise to?

A

Uterine tubes, uterus, superior vagina

40
Q

The fused caudal portion of paramesonephric ducts gives rise to the _____ and ______.

A

The fused caudal portion of paramesonephric ducts gives rise to the UTERUS and SUPERIOR VAGINA.

41
Q

In female development, what does the urogenital sinus give rise to?

A

Hymen and inferior vagina

42
Q

During weeks ____ the external genitalia are indistinguishable

A

4-7

indifferent stage

43
Q

The prepuce (foreskin) of the glans penis is the only part of the penis formed from ______ germ cell layer.

A

Ectoderm

forms at week 12

44
Q

_____ occurs when the external urethral opening lies in an abnormal position along the ______ aspect of the penis.

A

HYPOSPADIAS occurs when the external urethral opening lies in an abnormal position along the VENTRAL aspect of the penis.

45
Q

The genital tubercle, urethral fold and genital swelling are parts of both male and female external genital development. T or F

A

True

46
Q

In female external genital development, the genital swelling goes on to form the ______.

A

Labium majora

47
Q

In female external genital development, the urethral fold goes on to form the ______.

A

Labium minora

48
Q

In female external genital development, the genital tubercle goes on to form the ______.

A

Clitoris

Y3 Reproductive (28 decks)

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