History PPT Flashcards
______v is the only extant human species. The name is Latin for “wise man” and was introduced in 1758 by Carl Linnaeus (who is himself also the type specimen).
Homo sapiens
Neanderthals ;
________ are an extinct species or subspecies of archaic humans in the genus Homo, who lived within Eurasia from circa 400,000 until 40,000 years ago.
[4] Homo neanderthalensis or Homo sapiens neanderthalensis)[5]
_______ is a species of archaic humans that lived throughout most of the Pleistocene geological epoch. Its earliest fossil evidence dates to 1.8 million years ago (discovered 1991 in Dmanisi, Georgia).[5]
Homo erectus (meaning ‘upright man’)
Early Dwellings
■Shift from nomadic, hunter-gatherer system to a combination of farming and hunting.
■Domestication of animals and plants.
■Created societies of villages near caves or along shores and streams.
Earliest form of human settlement.
Rock caves
A cave in France containing wall paintings and engravings of Paleolithic humans thought to date from c. 13,000-8,500 BCE.
Lascaux Cave
Lascaux, France.
Built shelter
■Primitive lifestyle was ______.
■Temporary shelter were designed in direct response to climate, local materials, and hunting patterns.
■Built with limited investment in time and energy.
nomadic
A portable Indian shelter.
Tipi
A _____is a stone beehive-shaped hut with a corbelled roof, commonly associated with the Irish coastline.
clochán
Beehive hut
Kerry, Ireland.
A traditional rendered stone dwelling in Apulia, southern Italy, in which square chambers are roofed with conical vaulted roofs.
Trullo
Alberobello, Bari Province.
An American Indian dwelling, usually of round or oval shape, formed of poles overlaid with bark, rush mats, or animal skins.
Wigwam
A Navaho Indian dwelling constructed usually of earth and logs and covered with mud and sod.
Hogan
An Eskimo house, usually built of blocks of hard snow or ice in the shape of a dome, or when permanent, of sod, wood, or stone.
Igloo
Religious Structures
Villages were connected by shared mortuary and
goddess ritual centers.
eg. Stonehenge
Ancient stone monuments.
After people started sharing community life, they began turning their attention to architecture that celebrated the spiritual and the sacred.
Their tombs and temples imitated nature in gigantic forms resembling mountains and other landscape formations.
Megaliths
Monolith; A prehistoric monument consisting of
an upright stone, usually standing alone
but sometimes aligned with others in parallel
rows.
Menhir
eg. Kerloas Menhir
Brittany, France.
From the words daul, a table, and maen, a stone; A prehistoric monument consisting of two or more large upright stones supporting a horizontal stone slab or capstone, and usually regarded as a tomb.
Dolmen
eg.Kilclooney
County Donegal, Ireland.
It utilizes trabeation, the most basic construction system for structures.
It consists of vertical supports called posts that hold up horizontal elements called lintels.
Goindol
Gochang, South Korea.
The Gochang, Hwasun and Ganghwa Dolmen Sites are the location of hundreds of stone dolmen in Korea. The sites were designated as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 2000.
Three standing stones, two on the sides and one at the back.
Cove
A structure consisting of two upright stones supporting a horizontal lintel.
Trilithon
A circular arrangement of megaliths enclosing a dolmen or burial mound.
Cromlech
eg.
Stone Circle
Avebury, England
These stone circles were associated with burials, others with cremation.
They also worked as celestial observatories that were meant to follow the movements of the moon and stars, as would have been typical for early agrarian-based societies.
A megalithic monument consisting of four concentric rings of trilithons and menhirs centered around an altar stone.
It is believed to have been used by a sun cult or for astronomical observations.
Stonehenge
Salisbury Plain in Wiltshire, England.
An artificial mound of earth or stone, especially over an ancient grave. Also called barrow.
Tumulus