history of occupational therapy Flashcards
what is a paradigm
members of discipline subscribe to the same set of ideas
Kuhn 1970
What are three steps on how a profession changes ?
- Pre Paradigm Stage
- Paradigm Stage
- Crisis (inability of paradigm to deal with new problems)
Influence of Philippe Pinel
prescribes physical exercise and manual occupations for people in asylums
Influence of Adolf Meyer
purposeful use of time is helpful and a gratifying activity
Identify and explain the philosophical origins of OT
- Moral Treatment
- focus on patients environment and life situation
- engagement of patients
- physical, temporal and social environment corrects faulty habits of living
- basket weaving
Influencers of Arts and Craft Movement
- John Ruskian
- William Morris
- jane Addams
- Octavia Hill
Influence of Susan Tracy on OT
- resurfaced the use of occupation with mentally ill
- educating student nurses on therapeutic use of activities as part of treatment
What is the NSPOT and when was it founded
- key members
- National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy
- March 15, 1917
- Eleanor Clarke Slage
- George Edward Barton
- Adolph Meyer
- Susan Johnson
- Thomas Kidner
- Isabel Newton
- Susan Tracy
Where and when was OT founded
- USA
- 1917
- American Occupational Therapy Association = 1921
Who introduced the term OT
George Barton
Who was the father of OT
Willian Rush Dunton Jnr
- 1915 first textbook
- need for ‘right’ activity
- psychiatrist
- arts and craft movement
Who was the Mother of OT
Eleanor Clarke Slagle
- social worker
- organised first school in 1915
- treatment approach :
1. habit training
2. purposeful activity
Who produced the first set to OT principles and when
Dunton
1918
WWI influence on OT
- reconstruction aides
- arts and crafts
- took care of returning veterans
and
- retraining functional use of body for those wounded
- bedside/ward occupations e.g. knitting
WWII influence on OT
- development in prosthetics and assistive technological development
1947
- first journal Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation first published
- Willard and Spackman’s Principles of OT was first textbook
Influence of Colonel Ruth Robinson
- served in ww2
- helped establish training programs for therapy personnel
- AOTA president
Trends in 1940’s
- differentiation from physic
- sponsorship by medical profession
- accreditation of education programs
- new demand due to ww2
- emergency courses established to meet demand
When was the rehabilitation movement
1940’s - 1960’s
- due to injured soldiers returning from war
- mentally and physically injured
Who was the first to hold a diploma of OT in Australia
Ethel Francis - 1933
Who pioneered OT in melbourne ?
Sylvia Docker
- originally physic
- pioneered from 1939 - 1941
What was the crisis in OT in 1940/50
- lack of theoretical rationale and empirical evidence
What and when was the Deinstitutionalisation Movement
1950-59
- patients moved from institutions
What is reductionism
- a scientific effort to reduce the empirical world to its least common denominator for explanation
then could be measles and their relationship to other units could be specified
e.g. healthy person = machine
illness = defect to machine
what were the major models practised by OT throughout the mechanistic paradigm (1960)
- Kinesiology model
- Psychoanalytical model
- Neurological model
- common theme was attempt to isolate particular effects that activity was meant to have
what is the stamens of basic philosophy, principle and policy (AOTA 1963)
OT is particularly concerned with man and his ability to meet the demands of his environment
What was the second crisis in OT 1970’s
- lack of focus on occupation
- over use of technology
- lack of theoretical support
- practice based on technique rather than therapy
when did OT become a profession
1980 ‘s
