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OCC1022 > history of occupational therapy > Flashcards

history of occupational therapy Flashcards

1
Q

what is a paradigm

A

members of discipline subscribe to the same set of ideas

Kuhn 1970

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2
Q

What are three steps on how a profession changes ?

A
  1. Pre Paradigm Stage
  2. Paradigm Stage
  3. Crisis (inability of paradigm to deal with new problems)
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3
Q

Influence of Philippe Pinel

A

prescribes physical exercise and manual occupations for people in asylums

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4
Q

Influence of Adolf Meyer

A

purposeful use of time is helpful and a gratifying activity

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5
Q

Identify and explain the philosophical origins of OT

A
  • Moral Treatment
  • focus on patients environment and life situation
  • engagement of patients
  • physical, temporal and social environment corrects faulty habits of living
  • basket weaving
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6
Q

Influencers of Arts and Craft Movement

A
  • John Ruskian
  • William Morris
  • jane Addams
  • Octavia Hill
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7
Q

Influence of Susan Tracy on OT

A
  • resurfaced the use of occupation with mentally ill

- educating student nurses on therapeutic use of activities as part of treatment

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8
Q

What is the NSPOT and when was it founded

  • key members
A
  • National Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy
  • March 15, 1917
  • Eleanor Clarke Slage
  • George Edward Barton
  • Adolph Meyer
  • Susan Johnson
  • Thomas Kidner
  • Isabel Newton
  • Susan Tracy
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9
Q

Where and when was OT founded

A
  • USA
  • 1917
  • American Occupational Therapy Association = 1921
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10
Q

Who introduced the term OT

A

George Barton

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11
Q

Who was the father of OT

A

Willian Rush Dunton Jnr

  • 1915 first textbook
  • need for ‘right’ activity
  • psychiatrist
  • arts and craft movement
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12
Q

Who was the Mother of OT

A

Eleanor Clarke Slagle

  • social worker
  • organised first school in 1915
  • treatment approach :
    1. habit training
    2. purposeful activity
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13
Q

Who produced the first set to OT principles and when

A

Dunton

1918

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14
Q

WWI influence on OT

A
  • reconstruction aides
  • arts and crafts
  • took care of returning veterans

and

  • retraining functional use of body for those wounded
  • bedside/ward occupations e.g. knitting
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15
Q

WWII influence on OT

A
  • development in prosthetics and assistive technological development

1947

  • first journal Occupational Therapy and Rehabilitation first published
  • Willard and Spackman’s Principles of OT was first textbook
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16
Q

Influence of Colonel Ruth Robinson

A
  • served in ww2
  • helped establish training programs for therapy personnel
  • AOTA president
17
Q

Trends in 1940’s

A
  • differentiation from physic
  • sponsorship by medical profession
  • accreditation of education programs
  • new demand due to ww2
  • emergency courses established to meet demand
18
Q

When was the rehabilitation movement

A

1940’s - 1960’s

  • due to injured soldiers returning from war
  • mentally and physically injured
19
Q

Who was the first to hold a diploma of OT in Australia

A

Ethel Francis - 1933

20
Q

Who pioneered OT in melbourne ?

A

Sylvia Docker

  • originally physic
  • pioneered from 1939 - 1941
21
Q

What was the crisis in OT in 1940/50

A
  • lack of theoretical rationale and empirical evidence
22
Q

What and when was the Deinstitutionalisation Movement

A

1950-59

- patients moved from institutions

23
Q

What is reductionism

A
  • a scientific effort to reduce the empirical world to its least common denominator for explanation

then could be measles and their relationship to other units could be specified

e.g. healthy person = machine
illness = defect to machine

24
Q

what were the major models practised by OT throughout the mechanistic paradigm (1960)

A
  • Kinesiology model
  • Psychoanalytical model
  • Neurological model
  • common theme was attempt to isolate particular effects that activity was meant to have
25
Q

what is the stamens of basic philosophy, principle and policy (AOTA 1963)

A

OT is particularly concerned with man and his ability to meet the demands of his environment

26
Q

What was the second crisis in OT 1970’s

A
  • lack of focus on occupation
  • over use of technology
  • lack of theoretical support
  • practice based on technique rather than therapy
27
Q

when did OT become a profession

A

1980 ‘s

OCC1022 (15 decks)

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