History of Nursing Flashcards
why study history
- don’t make same mistakes
- continue to grow
- knowing where we come from
- see how far nursing has come/evolution of nursing
Florence Nightingale
- created pie chart to display her stats
- notes on nursing 1898
- decreased mortality bu 2.2% in 6 months during Crimean war
5 essential points to secure health of houses by Nightingale
1) pure air
2) pure water
3) efficient drainage
4) cleanliness
5) light
able to decrease death rate of her practice
Nursing education before Nightingale
- nurses were not trained
- they were laypeople
- got into nursing role by working along someone and learning by experience
- people in hospitals sometimes had to care for each other
- no real nursing education
nursing education after Nightingale
- in 1860 she started a school so nurses could learn from training and theory
- created high levels of education so nurses could work with sick and teach
how has nursing education changed since Nightingale
- hospital schools
- Weir report
- training vs education
- university education
hospital schools
- nursing students ran hospitals
- students worked 6 days a week
- only people with official training were instructors and supervisors
- cheap for hospitals because of cheap laboured nurses were taken advantage of
- many women left program when they got married
- only white Christian women 18-35
Weir report
- 1932
- concern about level of nursing education, students did not have skills to treat complex patients
- recommended nurses training and a liberal arts education
why did the Weir report take so long to be implemented (6)
- cost
- people resisting change
- would take longer to become a nurse
- education of women was uncommon
- not enough people to teach
- lack of resources
University education
- 1st program in 1919 was 2 clinical years switched between 2 years of schooling
- first UNB nursing class in 1959 admitting 14 students
- university education has advanced to entry to practice growing into masters and PhD
training vs education: training
- hands on
- different kinds
- for a specific task/place
- how to do things
training vs education: education
- why we do things
- to care for people in different ways and places
- to promote wellness, treat illness, and become advocates
men in nursing
- little info
- nursing started with men and changed to women
- big imbalance between men and women
indigenous healers and midwives occupied important caregiver roles in their communities
- stopped because the goal of Europeans settlers was to assimilate
- indigenous had a lot of knowledge on herbs and spiritual healing
- indigenous healers took care of settlers in early stages
- traditional medicine is now being more accepted
catholic sisters influenced nursing autonomy
- catholic nurses created autonomy
- were involved in creation of hospitals
- ran hospitals
Hotel Dieu
- first hospital in canada
- built in 1845 in montreal
Grey nuns
- tipsy nuns
- started an alcohol/tobacco business
- made tents and clothes for military
- all to fund their missions
what % of nursing students were British or French in 1931
- 94%
- only white christian
- English/French speaking
- unmarried
- 18-35
- having good character
when did BN become entry to practice
- 1992
- nursing association and nursing union did not agree on terms
- union did not want BN to become entry to practice
- got voted down the first time
