History of Housing & Housing Law

Question 1

National Housing Act of 1934*

Answer 1

The National Housing Act establishes the Federal Housing Administration, which insures mortgages for small, owner-occupied suburban homes as well as private multi-family housing and the Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. (FSLC)

Question 2

US Housing Act of 1937*

Answer 2

Wagner–Steagall Act (US Housing Act of 1937). Originally intended to create public housing for poor and middle-income families, it is whittled down to apply only to low-income people.

Question 3

Emergency Price Control Act 1942 (2)

Answer 3

The Emergency Price Control Act establishes federal rent control for the first time.

Question 4

1944*

Answer 4

The GI Bill provides mortgage-loan guarantees for home purchases by veterans.

Question 5

Tax Reform Act 1986*

Answer 5

Tax Reform Act. Reagan introduces the low-income housing tax credit, which remains the primary source of federal funding for low-cost housing today.

Question 6

1992*

Answer 6

Congress authorizes the HOPE VI urban-revitalization demonstration program to provide grants to support low-rise, mixed-income housing rather than high-rise public housing to address a severe lack of funding for repairs. Atlanta uses its funds to clear slums and construct mostly private housing, an approach copied by cities across the country.

Question 7

Housing Act of 1949*

Wagner-Ellender-Taft Bill

Answer 7

800,000 new units, slum clearance & urban renewal. Actually saw net reduction in total units

Question 8

Housing Act of 1954*

Answer 8

140,000 new units, slum clearance & urban renewal FUNDING FOR COMPREHENSIVE PLANNING

Question 9

Housing Act of 1959

Answer 9

Housing Act of 1959 - Section 202 (elderly assistance) allows first direct funding of non-profits for housing projects

Question 10

Housing and Urban Development Act 1965* (3)

Answer 10

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1965 - established HUD

Question 11

Housing and Urban Development Act 1968

Answer 11

Created Ginnie Mae and expanded mortgage access & funding for New Towns

Question 12

1968 (2)*

Answer 12

Civil Rights Act of 1968/Fair Housing Act

Question 13

1970

Answer 13

Housing and Urban Development Act of 1970 - . Created Community Development Corporations. expanded ceiling on debt guarantees for developments to 500 million

Question 14

Housing and Community Development Act 1974*

Answer 14

Housing and Community Development Act of 1974 - created Section 8 program & CDBG program

Question 15

HUD Programs

Answer 15

HOME
HOPWA
CDBG
Neighborhood Stablization Program
Brownfields Economic Development Program
Section 811 - Rental Assistance
Section 202 - elderly assistance
Choice Neighborhoods
Housing Trust Fund
Indian Housing Block Grant

Question 16

1990*

Answer 16

Cranston Gonzales National Affordable Housing Act - created CHAS, Section 811 for homeless people with disabilities and HOME

Question 17

McKinney (Vento) Act of 1987*

Answer 17

bill to aid homelessness. Readopted in 2000

Question 18

1977

Answer 18

UDAG - precursor to CDBG

Question 19

US Shipping Act of 1917

Answer 19

Authorized federal building of homes for ship building industry during WWI

Question 20

Home Owners Loan Act 1933

Answer 20

Home Owners Loan Act creates Home Owners Loan Corporation

Question 21

1947-1965 (2)

Answer 21

Housing and Home Finance Agency, precursor to HUD.

• Federal Housing Administration
• Public Housing Administration
• Home Loan Bank Board

Question 22

1942-1947 (1)

Answer 22

Executive Order 9070, Establishes the National Housing Agency, precursor to Housing and Home Finance Agency.

• Federal Housing Administration
• Home Loan Bank Board
• The Home Owners’ Loan Corporation
• The United States Housing Authority

Question 23

Section 213(a) of HUD Act of 1969

Answer 23

“Brooke Amendment” - caps rent at 25% of income for public housing

Question 24

Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act 1993

Answer 24

Empowerment zones & enterprise zones go into effect

Question 25

FIRREA 1989

Answer 25

abolishes Federal Savings and Loan Insurance Corp. and Federal Home Loan Bank replaces with FDIC

Question 26

Fannie Mae vs Ginnie Mae vs Freddie Mac

Answer 26

Fannie Mae - New Deal, issues federally backed mortgages. Private Ginnie Mae - FHA, VA, USDA mortgages, Govt Freddie Mac - Same as Fannie Mae but deals with smaller banks. Private

Question 27

HOME

Answer 27

25% match required from jurisdiction 15% must be used for affordable housing (20 year affordability for new, 5-15 year for rehab or assistance) 10% may be used for planning 90% of beneficiaries must have income below 60% median local income In projects with 5+ units, no more than 20% can have income above 50% median local income Used for: Home purchase or rehab assistance, rental assistance up to 2 years, demolition or relocation, site acquisition

Question 28

CDBG Entitlement Program

Answer 28

``` Community Development Act 1974 Entitlement communities are comprised of central cities of Metropolitan Statistical Areas (MSAs); with populations of at least 50,000; and qualified urban counties with a population of 200,000 70% must benefit low-income households Eligible activities: Funding of Community Based Development Organizations (CBDO) (to build housing) public infrastructure (not maintenance), blight reduction, acquisition, demolition, job creation, rehab, limited public services NOT ELIGIBLE: direct new home construction purchase of equipment government building or repairs infrastructure maintenance operating expenses ```

Question 29

Most common uses of CDBG for entitlement communities

Answer 29

1. Public infrastructure 2. Housing 3. Administrative and planning 4. Public services 5. Economic development 6. Property acquisition

Question 30

Annual Action Plan | Consolidated Plan

Answer 30

Communities using CDBG must submit an annual action plan and two performance reports annually. Every 5 years a Consolidated Plan must be submitted as well as Consolidated Annual Performance Evaluation Report (CAPER) overview of what was accomplished

Question 31

Low Income Housing Tax Credit

Answer 31

LARGEST producer of affordable housing ~100k units/year 2 million units since 1986 Requires: 15 Year Affordability + 15 Year Extension (30yr total) 20% of units by income 50% or less of area median income 40% of units occupied by 60% or less of AMI 40% of units occupied by income averaging no more than 60% of AMI, and no units are occupied by tenants with income greater than 80 percent of AMI.

Question 32

Section 108

Answer 32

CDBG program. Is a loan available for economic development purposes. Eligible activities: Acquisition Rehabilitation Construction of public facilities site improvements Debt service reserves Finance fees Public works and site improvements in colonias In limited circumstances, housing construction as part of community economic development 20% cap on admin fees

Question 33

Section 202

Answer 33

Housing and rental assistance (capital advance) for very low income elderly (62 or older) Only CDBO/NGOs can apply, not government agencies

Question 34

HOPE VI (1992)

Answer 34

Federal block program. Inspired by mixed-use, mixed income New Urbanism - Columbia Point, Boston (Harbor Point) National Commission on Severely Distressed Public Housing in 1989 to study dilapidated public housing and found need. Atlanta received 1st grant in 1998 to renovate Techwood Homes, nation's oldest *occupied* public housing

Question 35

Title VIII Program

Answer 35

Fair Housing Act implementation by HUD Residential units with 4+ units must comply with disability accommodations Landlords with less than 3 units not required to comply

Question 36

*Civil Rights Act of 1966 vs 1968*

Answer 36

1966 made discrimination illegal (Title VI) | 1968 made discrimination in housing and real estate illegal and enforceable illegal (Title VIII)

Question 37

ADA 1990

Answer 37

Title II applies to housing discrimination against people with disabilities

Question 38

Rehabilitation Act of 1973

Answer 38

Prohibits disability discrimination in federal agencies | Section 504 - reasonable accommodations required by federally funded buildings

Question 39

Community Reinvestment Act of 1977*

Answer 39

Targeted illegal redlining that continued even after Fair Housing Act

Question 40

American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009

Answer 40

Major funding bill to infrastructure and job creation to try to mitigate recession.

Question 41

Demonstration Cities and Metropolitan Development Act of 1966

Answer 41

Model Cities Program was an element of U.S. President Lyndon Johnson's Great Society and War on Poverty

Question 42

Fair Housing Amendment of 1988

Answer 42

Expanded fair housing to include group homes and halfway homes Prohibited discrimination based on age or disability

Question 43

Order of federal housing agencies past-present

Answer 43

National Housing Agency Housing and Home Financing Agency Housing and Urban Development