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AICP Essentials > Fundamental Planning Knowledge > Flashcards

Fundamental Planning Knowledge Flashcards

1
Q

1st city zoning ordinance

A

New York City (1916)
Written by Edward Bassett

A key concept in the zoning ordinance was establishing setbacks at specific heights, but did not establish height limitations.

Later upheld in 1920 in Lincoln Trust Co. v. The Williams Bldg. Corp

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2
Q

1st metropolitan regional plan

A

Chicago (1909)

Developed by Daniel Burnham

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3
Q

Sherry Arnstein

A

Wrote “A Ladder of Citizen Participation” for the Journal of the American Planning Association in 1969.
Non-Participation
Tokenism
Citizen Power

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4
Q

James Rouse

A

James Rouse was the developer that conceived of Columbia, Maryland. Rouse strongly believed in the new cities movement that by proper design blight could be eliminated.

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5
Q

1st full-time planner

A

Harland Bartholomew

Newark, NJ (1914)

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6
Q

1st historic preservation ordinance

A

Charleston (1921)

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7
Q

Saul Alinsky

A

Advocate of community organizing. Alinsky organized Chicago’s poor in the late 1930s and 1940s. Back of the Yards movement. In 1946, he published Reveille for Radicals, which encouraged those who were poor to become involved in American democracy. Later he published Rules for Radicals, which provided 13 rules for community organizing.

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8
Q

1st National Wildlife Refuge

A

Pelican Island, FL (1903)

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9
Q

First issue of City Planning

A

1925, published by ACPI and the National Conference on City Planning.
Predecessor to JAPA.

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10
Q

AIP adopted a Code of Ethics for professional planners.

A

1978

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11
Q
  1. First auto-centric mall
  2. First major indoor shopping mall
  3. First outdoor shopping mall
A
  1. Country Club Plaza, Kasas City, MO (1922)
  2. Southdale Center in Edina, Minnesota (1956)1.
  3. Kalamazoo, Michigan (1959)
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12
Q

American Planning Association was created through a merger of AIP and ASPO.

A

1978

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13
Q

The Geography of Nowhere

A

Written by James Kunstler, a book about suburban sprawl and its impact on American communities

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14
Q

1st state to pass enabling legislation for zoning

A

Wisconsin (1909)

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15
Q

With Heritage So Rich

A

Edited by Alfred Reins, published in 1966.

This is a seminal book in historic preservation.

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16
Q

1st city subway

A

Boston (1897)

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17
Q

Cities in Evolution

A

Patrick Geddess, published in 1915.

This book centers on regional planning.

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18
Q

1st comprehensive plan

A

Cincinnati (1925)
Developed by Alfred Bettman and Ladislas Segoe.
Focused on infrastructure projects and called for planning to be controlled by a citizen city planning commission.

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19
Q

Local Planning Administration

A

Ladislas Segoe, published in 1941.

This book was the first in the Green Book Series produced by the International City/County Management Association.

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20
Q

1st historic preservation commission

A

Vieux Carre, New Orleans (1921)

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21
Q

Standard State Zoning Enabling Act 1926

A

adopted 1926
published 1924
Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover

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22
Q

1st National Planning Conference

A

1909

Washington, D.C.

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23
Q

1st major American city to apply the City Beautiful principles

A

Washington DC (1902) or San Francisco (1906)? Burnham

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24
Q

Lawrence Veiller

A

Lawrence Veiller is the father of the modern housing code. He was concerned with housing conditions for those who are low income. He produced a Tenement Exhibition with proposals for New York City. He went on to become secretary of the New York State Tenement House Commission and drafted the New York State Tenement House Act of 1901 that established basic housing laws - including fire exits and running water for bathrooms in every tenement.

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25
Q

1st regional planning commission

A

Los Angeles County (1922)

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26
Q

1st US Transcontinental Highway

A

Lincoln Highway (dedicated 1913)

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27
Q

Image of the City

A

Kevin Lynch, published in 1960.

This book defines basic concepts within the city, such as edges and nodes.

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28
Q

Charles Abrams

A

Created the New York Housing Authority. In 1965 he published The City is the Frontier, a book that provided harsh criticism to the U.S. federal policies surrounding slum clearance, urban renewal, and public housing.

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29
Q

The Urban General Plan

A

TJ Kent, published in 1964.
T.J. Kent defines the comprehensive plan as a community’s official statement of policies regarding desirable future physical development and its implications of socio-economic polices; the plan should be comprehensive in scope, general in nature and long-range in perspective. Should be identified as the City Council’s plan

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30
Q

1st planning commission

A

Hartford, CT (1907)

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31
Q

Catherine Bauer Wurster

A

Founder of American housing policy. She worked to reform policy that was related to housing and city planning. She served as executive secretary of the Regional Planning Association of America. She wrote Modern Housing and was influential in the passage of the Housing Act of 1937.

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32
Q

How the Other Half Lives

A

Jacob Riis, published in 1890.

This book resulted in housing reform in New York City.

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33
Q

Rexford Tugwell

A

Served as the head of the Resettlement Administration during New Deal.
Arthurdale, West Virginia
Greenbelt, Maryland
Greendale, Wisconsin
Greenhills, Ohio
He later served on the New York City Planning Commission and served as governor of Puerto Rico.

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34
Q

1st statewide zoning

A

Hawaii (1961)

Amended in 1978

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35
Q

The Rise of the Creative Class

A

Richard Florida, published in 2003.

This book focuses on the importance of creative professionals in the overall economic growth and health of urban areas.

36
Q

Hoover Dam

A

The Hoover Dam was constructed on the Colorado River, between the states of Arizona and Nevada.

37
Q

The Social Life of Small Urban Spaces

A

William Whyte, published in 1980.
This book promotes the use of environmental psychology and sociology in urban design.
Whyte coined Greenway - Denver

38
Q

Wacker’s Manual of the Plan of Chicago

A

1912, published by Walter Moody written by Charles Wacker
Adopted as an eighth-grade textbook by the Chicago Board of Education. This is the first known formal instruction in city planning below the college level.

39
Q

1st limited access highway

A

Bronx River Parkway (1926)

40
Q

1st federally supported public housing to be constructed

A

Cleveland (1934)

first to be occupied was located in Atlanta

41
Q

American Society of Planning Officials (ASPO)

A

1934

42
Q

Sir Raymond Unwin

A

English town planner and designer of Letchworth. He later lectured at the University of Birmingham in England and Columbia University.

43
Q

1st zoning restrictions on the location of obnoxious uses

A

San Francisco (1867)

44
Q

1st National Planning Board

A

1933
Later renamed National Resources Planning Board
Abolished in 1943

45
Q

1st National Park

A

Yellowstone (1872)

46
Q

American City Planning Institute of Planners

A

1917
Frederick Law Olmsted JR, first president.
Renamed to American Institute of Planners (AIP) in 1939. The AIP was the forerunner of the American Institute of Certified Planners (AICP).

47
Q

Association of Collegiate Schools of Planning published the first issue of The Journal of Planning Education and Research.

A

1981

48
Q

1st local civic center plan

A

Cleveland (1903)

Developed by Daniel Burnham, John Carrere, and Arnold Brunner

49
Q

Carrying Out the City Plan

A

1914, Flavel Shurtleff

First major textbook on city planning.

50
Q

Which of the following groups of planning philosophies came before the City Humane Movement?

I. City Functional
II. City Efficient
III. City Beautiful
IV. Public Health

A

The planning philosophies, City Efficient, City Beautiful, and Public Health came before the City Humane Movement. The City Humane Movement occurred in the 1930s.

II, III, IV

51
Q

The Death and Life of Great American Cities

A

Jane Jacobs, published in 1961.

This book provided a critical look at planners and planning, with a special focus on the mistakes of urban renewal.

52
Q

Lawrence Haworth

A

The Good City, which argued for a thoughtful approach to what actually makes a city good.

53
Q

Alfred Bettman

A

Alfred Bettman was the first president of ASPO. Alfred Bettman (1873-1945) was one of the key founders of modern urban planning. Zoning, as we know it today, can be attributed to his successful arguments before the U.S. Supreme Court, which resulted in the 1926 decision in favor of the Village of Euclid, Ohio versus Ambler Realty Company. The concept of the “Comprehensive Plan,” as used in most cities across the U.S., was in no small part due to the work of Bettman and Ladislas Segoe on the “Cincinnati Plan.” Communities of all sizes across the U.S. may also thank Bettman for his part in creating the “Capital Improvements Budget.”

54
Q

Planning of the Modern City

A

Nelson Lewis, published in 1916.

55
Q

Design with Nature

A

Ian McHarg, published in 1969.

This book focuses on conservation design.

56
Q

Robert Moses

A

Transformed New York City’s public works from the 1930s through the 1950s. He expanded the state’s park system and built numerous parkways. He also built parks, playgrounds, highways, bridges, tunnels, and public housing

57
Q

Regional Plan for New York and Environs

A

1922-29 - Thomas Adams
Focused on suburban development, highway construction, and suburban recreational facilities. Clarence Stein and Lewis Mumford were involved in the creation of the plan.

Second Regional Plan of New York and Environs of 1970 addressed transit and commercial rehabilitation.

58
Q

Silent Spring

A

Rachel Carson, published in 1962.

This book focuses on the negative effects of pesticides on the environment.

59
Q

Frederick Law Olmstead, Sr.

A

Father of landscape architecture. He is responsible for many of the nation’s most important parks including Central and Prospect Parks in New York City, Niagra Reservation, and university campus landscapes. He was part of the design team for Riverside in 1868.

60
Q

Sierra Club

A

The Sierra Club was founded in 1892. John Muir co-founded.

61
Q

Paolo Soleri

A

Architect responsible for designing Arcosanti an experimental utopian city in Arizona focused on minimizing the impact of development on the natural environment.

62
Q

First exam for AIP membership was administered

A

1977

63
Q

Standard City Planning Enabling Act

A

1928

Secretary of Commerce Herbert Hoover

64
Q

John Nolen

A

New Towns for Old. Designed Mariemont, Ohio and was a leading planner and landscape architect. He made substantial contributions including creating the first comprehensive plan in Florida, contributing to the park system in Madison, Wisconsin and designing Venice, Florida.

65
Q

Urban Land Use Planning

A

F. Stuart Chapin, published in 1957.

This book became a common textbook on land use planning.

66
Q

Tomorrow: A Peaceful Path to Real Reform

A

Ebenezer Howard, published in 1898.
This book initiated the Garden City movement.
Also wrote Garden Cities of Tomorrow

67
Q

Thomas Adams

A

Important planner during the Garden City movement. He was the secretary of the Garden City Association and became the first manager of Letchworth. He developed a number of garden suburbs in England and later went on to teach planning at MIT and Harvard.

prepared “The Regional Survey (Plan) of New York and Its Environs”, which was released in 1929.

68
Q

1st city to use land use zoning to guide development

A

Los Angeles (1909)

69
Q

The Intelligence of Democracy

A

Charles Lindblom, published in 1969. In this book, Lindblom writes against the basic assumption that central control is necessary in a democracy.

70
Q

The Council of Government movement

A

In 1954 the Council of Government movement (COGS) began in the Detroit area with the formation of a Supervisors’ Inter-County Committee composed of the representatives of each county in southeastern Michigan for the purpose of confronting area wide problems. It soon spreads nationwide.

71
Q

NAFTA

A

North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) among U.S., Canada and Mexico begins on January 1, 1994, its purpose is to foster trade and investment among the three nations by removing or lowering non-tariff as well as tariff barriers.

72
Q

How many Federally-recognized tribes are there?

A

According to the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA); which is responsible for the administration and management of 55.7 million acres of land held in trust by the United States for American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives. The BIA says that there are 562 federal recognized tribal governments in the United States.

73
Q

Sunnyside Gardens, New York and Radburn, New Jersey

A

In 1924-28, Sunnyside Gardens, a planned neighborhood designed by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright, was built by the City Housing Corporation under Alexander Bing in Queens, New York. And in 1928 construction of Radburn, New Jersey, began. This Planned community was inspired by Howard’s Garden City concept and designed by Stein and Wright. It was a forerunner of the New Deal’s Greenbelt towns.

74
Q

Robert Weaver

A

Robert Weaver was HUD’s first Secretary and was the first African-American cabinet member.

75
Q

The Science of Muddling Through

A

Charles Lindblom - Incrementalism

76
Q

Riverside, IL

A

1869 by Fredrick Law Olmsted SR & Calvert Vaux
First planned community in US
curvilinear streets

77
Q

Columbian Exposition

A

Chicago 1893 - beginning of City Beautiful

78
Q

1st course in city planning

A

1909 - Harvard University

79
Q

Regional Planning Association of America

A

1923 a small but influential group including Clarence Stein, Henry Wright, Benton MacKaye, Lewis Mumford, Alexander Bing, Catherine Bauer, and others.

80
Q

Broadacre

A

Frank Lloyd Wright - utopian ideal of suburban living. 1 acre lots, auto-centric.

81
Q

1st state to require subdivisions to go to PC

A

New Jersey 1913

82
Q

1st state to mandate municipal planning

A

Massachusetts 1913

83
Q

1st extra-territorial subdivision review

A

California 1915

84
Q

1st planning consultant

A

Planning Technical Advisory Corp. Ford and Goodrich 1913

85
Q

1st TDR

A

Chicago 1971

86
Q

1st regional high speed transit

A

Bay Area Rapid Transit 1972

87
Q

Riverside IL vs Radburn NJ

A

Riverside - earlier, Olmsted SR, curvilinear streets

Radburn - Stein & Wright, garden city

AICP Essentials (21 decks)

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