History Of Funeral Directing & Embalming Flashcards
Wake
Originated as in ancient Hebrew practice, family and friends, sit with the deceased as a precaution against premature burial; continued as an act of piety in Middle Ages (vigil for the dead)
University mortuary, science, education association
Organization of college and university based funeral service programs established in 1961
Undertakers mutual protective association
First formal organization of undertakers; kept a black book of object, able and delinquent customers to be shared among members only; originated in Philadelphia, January 1864
Undertaker’s buggy
Name given to the vehicle, used by undertakers to transport the necessary mortuary paraphernalia to the homes where funerals were typically held. These vehicles sometimes had an appearance similar to a hearse, but we’re much less ornate.
Undertaker
Original term applied to those who is occupation included responsibility to organize and facilitate funeral activities
- used by some for the term funeral Director
Trocar
Long hollow tube patented in 1868 by Simi, Rogers of Philadelphia semicolon used by embalmers to inject fluids into cavities and remove excess fluids
Trade Embalmer
Term originated with some of the original graduates of early embalming horses gave up regular employment with a single firm to provide information services to firms, which had no trained embalmer
Style ‘E’ State Coffin
Casket designed for president, Ulysses, S Grant, by Stein Coffin Co. In 1885, which helped elevate acceptance of cloth covered caskets.
Soul shot
Mortuary fee paid to insure entrance of the descendants soul into heaven
Sexton
Church caretaker, who had responsibility for church property, ringing of bills, and digging of graves in the church yard cemetery
Selected Independent funeral homes (SIFH)
A limited, invitation only membership funeral service organization formed in 1917 on the basis of one member firm per city (formerly national selected morticians)
Sarcophagus
Early Egyptians cut massive coffins from a single mass of stone to protect from grave robbers.
Same term is applied today to mass of copper and bronze caskets.
- Greek word, “Sarco=flesh,
-Phagus= to eat; when opened, bodies inside, were found decaying
Restorative art
Care of the deceased to re-create natural form and color
- Father of restorative Art: John Crandall; New York City developed in 1912
Purgatorial doctrine
Catholic belief that those who souls are not perfectly cleansed, undergo a process of cleansing before they can enter heaven
Professional mourners
Due to the fear, that the dead might be jealous, the ancient Romans and Greeks hired persons often women to shriek, tear their hair and Rand garments, etc. in order to ensure adequate display emotion
Pollinctores
Name of the ancient Roman embalmers. They were either slaves or employees of Libitinarius
Pagan
Follower of a polytheistic religion
Osiris
Egyptian god of the underworld in judge of the dead
Ogee Design
A design introduced to square sided caskets in order to reduce the excess space and wait, particularly of metal caskets; characterized by an S shaped curvature; an S shaped molding that is a component part of the casket cap
Obsequies
Funeral rites or burial ceremonies
Necropolis
Means city of the dead
Ceremonies located on the West Bank of the Nile river, they included mortuary temples in residences of mortuary workers
Natron
A combination of salt found in dry lake, bed of the desert and used by early Egyptians in preparation of bodies. Deceased covered in the product (sodium chloride, sodium carbonate, sodium sulfate, potassium nitrate) we’re dehydrated, does preventing decay
National funeral directors in morticians association
Organized in 1924 as the independent national funeral directors association present name adapted in 1957; established to represent specific interest of African-American funeral directors
National funeral directors association (NFDA)
The oldest and largest national Association of funeral directors, and embalmers organize in 1882 that provides advocacy, education, information, products, programs, and services to help members enhance the quality of services to families
National concrete burial vault association
An organization of concrete burial, vault, manufactures, whose purpose is to provide a unified voice for the concrete, burial vault, industry, and to continually research and development, didn’t specify and promote minimum performance standards
National Association of colleges of mortuary science
Established in 1942 as an organization, for privately sponsored schools, with the goal of advancement of mortuary education
Mystery cults
Religious/philosophical belief of the ancient Greeks in Oriental East, emphasizing spiritual aspect of the after life, and the hope of joining the cold God in a wonderful existence in eternity
Monument builders of North America
An international trade association of persons in firms in the memorial industry
Mound burial
Ancient Viking custom; after deceased was placed in his boat with items necessary for the spirit to maintain the position held on earth, all was cremated, and the pyre, then covered with earth
Life signals
Due to the fear of premature burial, many early American coffins were designed and patented with a method to alert the living if someone was buried alive
Libitinarius
Head undertaker in ancient Rome; the secular role of today’s funeral Director; conducted his business at the temple of Libitina, a where death were also registered
Libitina
The ancient Roman goddess of corpses and funerals
Leagues of prayer
Form in middle ages by laypersons to bury the dead in to pray, for the souls of the faithful departed