Chemistry Flashcards
Acids
A substance that yields hydrogen or hydronium ions in aqueous solution
Adipocere/Gravewax
A wax-like material produced by saponification of body fat in a body buried in alkaline soil
Alcohols
An organic compound containing one or more hydroxyl (-OH) groups
Aldehyde
An organic compound containing one or more -CHO groups
Amines
An organic compound containing nitrogen; any compounds formed from ammonia by replacement of one or more hydrogen atoms by organic radicals
R-NH2
Amino Acid
The building blocks of proteins; a compound containing an amino group (-NH2), a carboxyl group (-COOH) attached to an alpha carbon and a radical
Amphoteric /Amino Acid
Any compound that can act as both an acid and a base solution
Anticoagulants
Chemicals used to keep the blood in the liquid state; chemical agents that Reatard, the tendency of the blood to become more viscous by natural post, Mortem processes, and/or other adverse reactions between the blood and the other embalming chemicals
Arterial/Vascular fluid
The concentrated, preservative, embalming chemical that will be diluted with water (or another appropriate vehicle such as alcohol) to form the arterial solution for injection into the arterial/vascular system during arterial/vascular embalming
Atom
The smallest particle of an element that has all the properties of the element
Autolysis
Self digestion or self destruction of the body by autolytic enzymes
Autopsy chemicals
Those chemicals specifically designed for use in the preparation of bodies following an autopsy
Bases
A substance that yields hydroxide ions in aqueous solution
Biochemistry
That branch of chemistry dealing with compounds produced by living organisms
Boiling
The rapid passage of liquid particles to the vapor state by forming bubbles through the action of heat. The term for the point of equilibrium between the liquid and gas states of matter, and typically employed when the temperature is increasing.
Buffers
Substances that in solution are capable of neutralizing, within limits, both acids, and thereby maintaining the original, or constant pH, of the solution
Carbohydrates
A compound of hydrogen, Corbin, and oxygen that is an aldehyde or ketone derivative of polyhydroxyl alcohol (sugars, starches, and glycogen)
Carbonyl group
A chemical group composed of one carbon atom double bonded to oxygen
Cavity fluid
Concentrated embalming chemicals, which are injected into the cavities of the body, following aspiration in cavity embalming. These fluids can also be used for service in hypodermic in bombing of the problem areas.
Chemical changes
A change in which a new substance or substances are produced that have entirely different properties from the composition has changed
Chemical properties
Characteristics that can be observed, when a substance is interacting with other substances, resulting in a change of chemical composition
Chemistry
The branch of natural science, that is concerned with the description, in classification of matter, with the changes, that matter, undergoes, and with the energy associated with each of these changes
Coagulation
The process of converting soluble proteins into install you will protein bar heating or buy contact with a chemical such as an alcohol or an aldehyde
Colloid
A solution-like system, in which the size of the solute particles is between one and 100 nanometers. Particles of saw you pass through filters, but not membranes.
Combustion
The rapid oxidation or burning that produces heat and light
Compounds
A substance consisting of two or more atoms combine chemically in definite proportions by mass
Concentrated solution
A solution containing a relatively large amount of solute
Concentrations
The ratio of mass, or volume of a solute to the mass, or volume of the solution or solvent
Condensation
A change of state of matter from a gas to a liquid
Crystallization
The process by which a substance is given definite form
Decay
The gradual decomposition of dead organic matter by the enzymes of aerobic bacteria
Dehydration/desiccation
- The removal of water from a substance
- Dehydration is generally used to indicate the natural loss of water
- Desiccation is used when a substance is intentionally caused to lose water as in a desiccator
Denaturation
The distribution and breakdown of the secondary structure of a protein by heat or chemicals
Deodorants
Chemicals having the capability of displacing and unpleasant odor for of altering and unpleasant odor, so that it is converted to a more pleasant one
Dialdehyde
Inorganic compound, containing two aldehyde (-CHO) radicals
Diffusion
The movement of molecules or other particles in solution from an area of greater concentration to an area of lesser concentration until uniform concentration is reached
Dilute solution
Hey solution containing relatively small amount of solute
Dyes
A natural or synthetic compound that is used to import color to another material
Elements
A simple substance which cannot be decomposed by ordinary chemical means
Embalming chemistry
The study of those types of matter and changes in matter related to the disinfection and preservation of human remains
Embalming fluids
The fluids specifically designed for preservation and disinfection purposes
Enzyme
A proteins that acts as a biological catalyst
Ester
- A compound with the general formula ROOR’ (R is a hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen and R’ is a hydrocarbon group)
- it is formed from an alcohol and an organic or a carboxylic acid by removal of water/dehydration
Fats
A common name for a triacylglycerol that is a semi solid or solid at room temperature in contains a high percentage of saturated fatty acids
Fermentation
The microbial/enzymatic decomposition of carbohydrates under anaerobic conditions
Formalin
Formaldehyde gas dissolved in water at 37% by weeks and 40% by volume
Formaldehyde demand/glutaraldehyde demand
That amount of formaldehyde necessary to overcome any nitrogen residue and cause the body proteins to be coagulated
Freezing
- A change of state of matter from a liquid to a solid by the loss of heat
- The term for the points of equilibrium between the solid and liquid state and typically employed when the temperature is decreasing
Gases
- A state of matter in which the atoms or molecules move about in almost complete freedom from one another
- Gases have no definite shape or volume and assume the shape and volume of their container by diffusing uniformly throughout the container
Hardness of water
The condition of water that results from dissolved minerals in metallic ions such as calcium and magnesium
Humectants
Chemicals that increase the capability of embalmed tissues to retain moisture
Hydrates
A compound in which there is a chemical union between water and certain substances when they crystallize
Hydrolysis
- A chemical reaction in which a substance is broken down or disassociated by water;
- A reaction between a salt and water to yield in acid and a base of an equal strengths
Hypertonic solution
A solution having a greater concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Hypotonic solution
A solution having a lesser concentration of dissolved solute than the solution to which it is compared
Imbibition
The swelling and softening of tissues and organs as a result of absorbing moisture from adjacent sources
Inorganic chemistry
That branch of chemistry, that studies, the properties and reactions of elements, excluding organic or certain carbon-containing compounds
Ion
- an atomic or molecular species with a positive/cation or negative/anion electrical charge
- An atom of an element or a group of atoms acting as one unit that has lost or gained an electron or elements and exhibits a change
Isotonic solution
A solution, having an equal concentration of dissolved solute as the solution to which it is compared
Ketones
Any class of organic compounds containing a Carbonyl group (C double bond O) who is carbon atom is joined to two other carbon atoms; the Carbonyl group occurs within the carbon chain
Lethal dose 50% (LD50)
The amount of poison or radiation that will kill 50% of the group to which it was administered
Liquids
Is substance that flows readily but does not seem to expand indefinitely
Matter
Anything that has mass and occupies space
Melting
The change in state from a solid to a liquid
Metal
- An element marked by luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity of heat and electricity.
- metallic elements tend to form positive ions
Mixtures
A combination of two or more substances, not chemically United, or not in definite proportion by mass
Minimum lethal dose (MLD)
The smallest dose of poison or radiation on record that produces death
Modifying agents
Chemicals for which there may be greatly varying demands predicted upon the type of embalming, the environment and the arterial fluid to be used
Molecule
The smallest unit of a compound which can exist alone; handed in aggregation of atoms, thank you specifically a chemical of two or more atoms for a specific chemical substance
Neutralization
The reaction of an acid and a base to produce salt and water
Nonmetal
- Any element that is not a metal
- Nonmetals tend to form negative ions
Oils
A common name for Triacyglycerol there is a liquid at room temperature, and contains a higher percentage of unsaturated fatty acids
Organic chemistry
That branch of chemistry that deals with certain carbon containing compounds
Osmosis
The passage of pure solvent from a solution of Lesley solute concentration to one of greater saw you concentration, when the two solutions are separated by semi permeable membrane, which selectively prevents the passage of solute molecules, but it is permeable to the solvent
Oxides
A compound consisting of oxygen combine with only one other element
Parts per million (ppm)
- A method of expressing low concentrations
- 1 ppm=1 mg/liter
Peptide bond
A bond formed from a dehydration reaction between the amino group on one amino acid with the carboxyl (organic acid) group on the other amino acid
Periodic table
- The tabular arrangement of the elements in order of increasing atomic number
- This arrangement allows the columns of the elements to represent the periodic recurrence of similar properties
Physical changes
A change in the form of state of matter without any change and chemical composition
Physical properties
Properties of a substance that are observed without a change and chemical position which include color, older, taste, solubility, density, hardness, melting point, and boiling point
Poison
Any substance that perils health or life when absorbed into the body
Polymerization
The linking together of monomers, or basic chemical units to form a polymer
Preinjection fluids/primary injection/capillary wash
Fluid designed to clear the vascular system of blood and enable the arterial solution to distribute with greater facility
Preservatives
Components of embalming solutions used to un activate, the active chemical compounds of proteins and amino acids, to inhibit decomposition; to kill microorganisms, distraught odors, and illuminate there further formation, and inactivate enzymes
Primary injection/Preinjection
- The first or initial injection
- May or may not contain preservatives
Properties
Characteristics by which substances may be identified
Protein
A biological component that is a polymer of many amino acids
Putrefaction
The decomposition of proteins by the action of enzymes of anaerobic bacteria
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Surface active agents that are generally used for disinfection of skin, oral and nasal cavities, as well as instruments
Restorative fluids
Supplemental fluids that may enhance arterial fluids by the addition of special chemicals such as humectants
Salts
Any group of substances that result from the reaction between acids and bases, other than water
Saponification
The reaction between a fat in a strong base to produce glycerol and the salt of a fatty acid (soap)
Saturated solution
A solution containing all of the solute solvent, is able to hold at a certain temperature and pressure
Secondary injection
That injection taking place after the primary injection
Simple lipids
A compound who’s hydraulic products are fatty acids and alcohols
Solids
The condensed state of matter having a definite shape and volume
Solidification
The conversion of a liquid or a gas into a solid form
Solubility
The measure of how will two substances mix
Solute
- A substance dissolved in a solvent to form a solution
- The components of a solution present in a lesser amount
Solution
A homogeneous mixture of one or more substances (solutes) dissolved in a sufficient quantity of solvent
Solvent
A substance that does the dissolving in a solution; the component of a solution present in a greater amount
State of matter
- A physical property of matter (solid liquid, or gas)
- Condition of phase in the physical composition of a substance at a given temperature and pressure
Sublimation
A physical change of state during which a substance changes directly from a solid to a gas
Supplemental fluids/accessory chemicals
- Fluid injected for purposes other than preservation and disinfection
- Can be either pre-injection, coinjection, and humectants or restorative fluids
Substrate
The material upon which an enzyme works
Surface tension
The force that acts on the substance of a liquid intends to minimize surface area
Surfactants/surface tension reducers/ wetting agents/ penetrating agents
Chemicals that will reduce the molecular cohesion of a liquid and enable it to flow through smaller apertures
Suspension
- A mixture of a solute, and a solvent, in which the size of the solute particles is greater than 100 nm
- Particles of saw you do not pass through filters or membranes
Thanatochemistry
The study of those physical and chemical changes in the human body that are caused by the process of death
Toxin
A poisonous substance produced by plants, animals, or pathogenic bacteria that is toxic to humans
Unsaturated solution
A solution containing a list of the solute than can be held in solution by the solvent
Urotropin/methanamine
- The neutralization of product of formaldehyde and ammonia
- C6H12N4
Vaporization
The physical change from a liquid to a gas
Vehicles
- Liquids that serve a solvent for the numerous ingredients incorporated in embalmings solutions
- usually water, sometimes alcohol
Viscosity
The resistance that a liquid exhibits to the flow of one layer over another arising from the molecular attraction between molecules of a liquid
Wax
A type of lipid formed from the combination of unsaturated and or saturated, fatty acids and high molecular weight alcohols (not glycerol)
