Historical Period 4: Part 4 Flashcards
Who was Charles Finney?
-A minister
-Used fear-monguring tectics to prompt thousdants to publicly declare their revived faith
-He used ideas of every individual being saved via faith and hard work to appeal to the rising middle class
What were camp meetings?
They were outside revivals in which dramatic preachings would take place during the Second Great Awakening
Who were the largest Protestant demominations in the country by 1850?
The Baptists and Methodists
What two denominations arose during the Second Great Awakening?
-Millennialism (currently the Seventh-Day Adventists)
-Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints (formerly called the Mormon Church)
What was the controversy that the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints got itself into?
Founder Joseph Smith approved the practice of polygamy;
The denominations later prohibited it in 1890
What reforms were backed by religion?
-To reduce drinking
-To end slavery
-To provide better treatment for people with mental illness
When is the antebellum period?
1815-1861
At first, leaders of reform tried to appeal to people’s sense of right and wrong. When this didn’t work, what did they turn to?
They moved on to political action and to ideas for creating new institutions to replace the old
What was the most popular of the reform movements during the antebellum period?
Temperance
What was the American Temperance Society?
Tried to persuade drinkers to take a pledge of total abstinence
Who were the Washingtonians?
Argued that alcoholism was a disease that needed practical, helpful treatment
Who were the most opposed to the temperance movement?
German and irish immigrants
What became more popular than temperance in the 1850s?
The anti-slavery movement
What became more popular than temperance in the 1850s?
The anti-slavery movement
What started being built during this period to address disturbed persons?
-State-supported prisons
-Mental hospitals
-Poorhouses
Who was Dorothea Dix?
She prompted state legislatures to build new mental hospitals and improve existing institutions and mental patients
Who were Thomas Gallaudet and Dr. Samuel Howe?
-Gallaudet: Opened a school for the deaf
-Dr. Howe: Opened a school for the blind
What was the asylum movement?
It was a movement that believed that structure and discipline would bring about moral reform
Who was Horace Mann?
-The leading advocate of the common (public) school movement
-Increased teacher preparation
What was being taught at the public schools popping up during this period?
-Basic literacy
-Moral principles (via the McGuffey series of books, which emphasized the virtues of hard work, punctuality, and sobriety)
-Religious beliefs
How did industrialization change family?
-Reduced the economic value of children
-Reduced family size
How did industrializatioin give women new roles?
-With men having to leave their homes to work in an office or factory, they were absent most of the time
-Women took charge of the household
What was the cult of domesticity?
The idealized view of women as moral leaders
Who were Sarah and Angelina Grimke?
-Sisters who were among the leaders opposing slavery
-Sarah wrote “Letters on the Equality of the Sexes and the Condition of Women” (1838)
What was the Seneca Falls Convention (New York, 1848)?
-A gathering of leading feminists
-The first womens’ rights convention in American history
-Made the “Declaration of Sentiments”
Who were some leading feminists during this time period?
-Elizabeth Cady Stanton
-Lucretia Mott
-Susan B. Anthony
What was the American Colonization Society?
-Aimed to transport those people freed from slavery to an African colony
-Their achievements were meager
-They established an African American settlement in Monrovia, Liberia
Why didn’t free African Americans not want to go back to Africa?
They didn’t want to leave the land where they and their ancestors had been born
What did William Garrison do?
-He published the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, which marked the beginning of the radical abolitionist movement
-Founded, with others, the American Antislavery Society
What did William Garrison do?
-He published the abolitionist newspaper, The Liberator, which marked the beginning of the radical abolitionist movement
-Founded, with others, the American Antislavery Society
What was the Liberty Party?
-Aim was to bring about the end of slavery by political and legal means
-Believed it was better to resolve slavery through a political route
Who was Frederink Douglas?
-A formerly enslaved black abolitionist
-Started the antislavery journal, The North Star
Who were some African American leaders who helped organize the effort to assist fugitive slaves escape to free territory in the North or Canada?
-Harriet Tubman
-David Ruggles
-Sojourner Truth
-William Still
Who was Nat Turner?
-Led an antislavery revolt
-Fear of future uprisings and Garrison’s inflamed rhetoric put an end to antislavery talk in the South
What caused a resurgence in slavery during the antebellum period?
The rapid growth of the cotton industry
What were some issues that free African Americans faced?
-Strong racial prejudices kept them from voting and holding jobs in most skilled professions and crafts
-Were often hired as strikebreakers
-Immigrants displaced them from factory occupations and jobs
Why did half of the free African Americans in the nation remain in the South?
-Wanted to be near family members who were still in bondage
-Thought of the South as their home and believed the North offered no greater opportunities
How did African Americans show resistance to their captors? (Part 1)
-Restrained actions (work slowdowns and equipment sabotage)
-Runaways (the development of the “Underground Railroad”)
How did African Americans show resistance to their captors?
-Rebellion (Nat Turner’s rebellion; also caused stricter slave codes)
