Historical Period 4: Part 3

Question 1

What was Andrew Jackson’s presidency called?

Answer 1

The Age of the Common Man;
The Era of Jacksonian Democracy

Question 2

What was the controversy behind the Election of 1824?

Answer 2

Jackson won more popular and electoral votes than any other candidate, but because the vote was split four ways, he lacked a majority in the Electoral College;
Clay used his influence in the House to get John Quincy Adams with enough votes to win the election and was thus accused of making a corrupt bargain

Question 3

What did the Jacksonians do in the Revolution of 1828?

Answer 3

They smeared the president and accused Adams’s wife of being born out of wedlock

Question 4

How did Jackson win the presidential election?

Answer 4

Via his reputation as a war hero and the discontent of the southerners and westerners towards the Adams’ presidency

Question 5

How did Andrea Jackson become a symbol of the every man of the era?

Answer 5

He didn’t go to college and he behaved roughly due to his growing up occurring in the frontier;
He was a self-made man

Question 6

What was the Peggy Eaton Affair?

Answer 6

In which members of Jackson’s cabinet resigned because Jackson tired to force the cabinet wives to accpet Peggy Eaton socially

Question 7

How was Jackson’s interpretation fo democracy limited?

Answer 7

It did not extend to American Indians

Question 8

What was the Indian Removal Act (1830)?

Answer 8

It forced the resettlement of many thousands of American Indians

Question 9

What was the Trail of Tears?

Answer 9

The road to leaving Georgia that the Cherokees were forced to undertake by the US Army after Jackson left office

Question 10

What did Jackson favor: states’ rights or federal rights?

Answer 10

States; rights

Question 11

What was the nullification theory?

Answer 11

Each state had the right to decide whether to obey a federal law or to declare it null and void (of no effect)

Question 12

What was the Webster-Hayne debate?

Answer 12

It was a dramatic exchange of speeches in which Hayne argued for the rights of the states and Webster attacked the idea that any state could defy or leave the Union

Question 13

What was the Proclamation to the People of South Carolina?

Answer 13

It stated that nullification and disunion were treason

Question 14

What did South Carolina do that was so controversial?

Answer 14

Its legislature declared the 1828 tariff (the Tariff of Abominations) to be unconstitutional and later on, held a special convention to nullify both the 1828 tariff and a new tariff of 1832

Question 15

How did the South Carolina vs Jackson situation conclude?

Answer 15

South Caroline formally rescinded nullification after Congress enacted a new tariff that went along Jackson’s suggestions of lowering it

Question 16

Did Jackson extend democracy to African Americans?

Answer 16

No

Question 17

What did the Democratic-Republicans break down into?

Answer 17

-The Democrats: supporters of Jackson
-The Whigs: supporters of Jackson’s rival, Henry Clay

Question 18

What did the Democrats believe in?

Answer 18

They harked back to the old Democratic-Republican Party of Jefferson

Question 19

What did the Whigs believe in?

Answer 19

Like the Federalists who supported economic growth, they supported spending federal money for internal improvements, such as roads, canals, and harbors

Question 20

What did the Whigs believe in?

Answer 20

Like the Federalists who supported economic growth, they supported spending federal money for internal improvements, such as roads, canals, and harbors

Question 21

What did Jackson do to the Bank of the United States in his second term (1832-1836)?

Answer 21

He withdrawed all federal banks and transferred the funds to various state banks;
This led to the prices of land and various goods becoming greatly inflated

Question 22

What was the Specie Circular?

Answer 22

A presidential order that required that all future purchases be made in specie (gold and silver) instead of paper banknotes;
This issuing led to the Panic of 1837, when banknotes lost their value and land sales plummeted

Question 23

What happened just when Martin Van Buren became the president?

Answer 23

The Panic of 1837 occurred

Question 24

Who won the Presidential Election of 1840?

Answer 24

William Henry Harrison, but he passed away less than a month in office;
Thus, John Tyler, who wasn’t much of a Whig, became the first vice president to succeed to the presidency

Question 25

In the 1850s, where did the American Indian population reside?

Answer 25

In the Great Plains

Question 26

How did the introduction of horses change life for some American Indian groups?

Answer 26

Groups like the Cheyenne and the Sioux became nomadic hunters

Question 27

How did White settlers affect the western frontier environmentally?

Answer 27

It exhausted the soil and brought the beaver and buffalo to the brink of extinction

Question 27

How did White settlers affect the western frontier environmentally?

Answer 27

It exhausted the soil and brought the beaver and buffalo to the brink of extinction

Question 28

How were Americans in terms of nationalism?

Answer 28

They were very patriotic

Question 29

What was the blue-backed speller>

Answer 29

It was the American spelling book developed by Noah Webster to promote patriotism

Question 30

What was romanticism?

Answer 30

It emphasized intuition, feelings, individual acts of heroism, and the study of nature;
It came after the Enlightenment era

Question 31

Who were the trascendentalists?

Answer 31

A group of New England thinkers who embraced the ideas of romanticism;
They really valued the ideas of individualism and supported the anti-slavery movement

Question 32

Who was Ralph Waldo Emerson?

Answer 32

The best-known transcendentalist;
His works expressed the individualistic and nationalistic spirit of Americans by urging them to create a distinctive American culture;
He was all about self-reliance and putting spiritual matters over material ones

Question 33

Who was Henry David Thoreau?

Answer 33

He did a two-year experiment wherein he lived in the woods;
Wrote Walden while he was in the woods;
Wrote “On Civil Disobedience,” which encompassed his reflections for disobeying unjust laws and accepting the penalty

Question 34

When did experiments to create a utopia arise/were very prominent?

Answer 34

The antebellum

Question 35

What were the characteristics of American culture during this time period?

Answer 35

-Individualistic
-Patriotic

Question 36

What were some notable writers in this period?

Answer 36

-Washington Irving
-James Cooper
-Nathaniel Hawthorne
-Herman Melville
-Edgar Allan Poe

Question 37

What was the Second Great Awakening?

Answer 37

Marked a reassertion of the traditional Calvinist (Puritan) teachings of original sin and predestinations

Question 38

What caused the Second Great Awakening? (Part 1)

Answer 38

-Growing emphasis on democracy and the individual
-Rational approach to religion favored by the Deists and Unitarians

Question 39

What caused the Second Great Awakening? (Part 2)

Answer 39

-The market revolution
-Disruptions caused by the market revolution and the mobility of people, which led them to look for worship settings that were outside formal churches based in urban areas

Question 40

Among which social class did the Second Great Awakening occur?

Answer 40

It began among highly educated people

Question 41

Who was Thomas Dwight?

Answer 41

He promoted the Second Great Awakening ideals