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AP US History > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

In what years were the Articles of Confederation in effect?

A

1781-1787

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2
Q

In what ways were the colonists unable to follow through with the provisions of the Treaty of Paris?

A

They were unable to stop Britain from maintaining military outposts on the Western frontier and restricting trade

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3
Q

What caused economic weakness within the colonies?

A

Reduced foreign trade and limited credit because states had not fully repaid war debts

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4
Q

Were the states still engaging in interstate quarrels in this time period? If so, how?

A

Yes;
The states competed for economic advantage and placed restrictions (like tariffs) on the movement of goods across state lines

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5
Q

What was the importance of the Annapolis Convention (1786)?

A

It was in this convention that James Madison and Alexander Hamilton persuaded the others that another convention be held in Philadelphia to revise the Articles of Confederation;
It was a vital first step towards the making of the Constitution because it showed that the colonists were taking iniatives to bettering the state of their new nation

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6
Q

What demographic were the delegates who were selected to attend the Philadelphia convention?

A

They were rich, educated, white men;
A good number of them were practicing lawyers;
Limited democracy was still very much present in the colonies

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7
Q

Who was considered the Father of the Constitution?

A

James Madison

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8
Q

What ended up happening at the beginning of the convention?

A

The nationalists (people like Madison and Hamilton) wanted to create an entirely new document as opposed to simply rewriting the articles;

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9
Q

What did Roger Sherman of Connecticut propose?

A

A two-house Congress;
In the Senate, state would have equal representation, but in the House of Representatives, each state would be represented according to the size of its population

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10
Q

What was the compromise Sherman created?

A

The Connecticut Plan/Great Compromise

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11
Q

What was the Three-Fifths Compromise?

A

The delegates agreed that each enslaved individual would count as three-fifths of a person for the purposes of state taxation and representation

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12
Q

Did the delegates decide to keep the slave trade around?

A

Yes;
They wanted it around for at least 20 more years

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13
Q

What was the Commercial Compromise?

A

Congress was allowed to regulate interstate and foreign commerse, including placing tariffs on foreign exports, but it could not place taxes on exports

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14
Q

Why was an electoral college system instituted in the colonies?

A

Because the delegates feared that too much democracy may lead to mob rule

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15
Q

How many states of the 13 were needed for the Constitution to be ratified?

A

Nine

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16
Q

Who were the Federalists?

A

Supporters of the Constitution and its strong federal government

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17
Q

Who were the Anti-Federalists?

A

Opponents of the Constitution and its strong federal government

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18
Q

What were the Federalist Papers?

A

A series of 85 essays that presented cogent reasons for believing in the practicality of each major provision of the Constitution

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19
Q

Who wrote the Federalist Papers?

A

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, and John Jay

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20
Q

Why was it important for Virginia to ratify the Constitution?

A

Because it was by far the most populous of the original 13 states

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21
Q

How were the Federalists able to win over the Anti-Federalists in Virginia?

A

By promising a bill of rights

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22
Q

Did Virginia’s vote to ratify the Constitution influence New York to do the same?

A

Yes;
Also because of Hamilton’s efforts

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23
Q

Did the Constitution need to list the rights of individuals?

A

Anti-Federalists argued that it should, while Federalists argued that it was unnecesary

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24
Q

How did the Anti-Federalists defend their point that a Bill of Rights was necessary for the Constitution?

A

They argued that Americans had fought the Revolutionary War to escape a tyrannical government;
The Bill of Rights would offer the necessary protection to safeguard the possibility of such a government from arising in America

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25
Q

How did the Federalists defend their point that a Bill of Rights was unnecessary for the Constitution?

A

They argued that it was unnecessary because members of Congress would be elected by the people anyways;
Plus, it would be better for people to assume that all their rights are protected than create a limited list of rights that unscrupulous officials may use to their advantage

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26
Q

When did the Bill of Rights start to be formed? When was it adopted?

A

In 1789;
In 1790

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27
Q

Who wrote the Bill of Rights?

A

James Madison

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28
Q

What is the first amendment?

A

US citizens have the right to freedom of religion, speech, press, assembly, and petition

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29
Q

What is the second amendment?

A

US citizens have the right to keep and bear arms, or own guns

30
Q

What is the third amendment?

A

The government cannot force US citizens to shelter soldiers in their homes

31
Q

What is the fourth amendment?

A

US citizens are protected from unreasonable searches of a person’s property

32
Q

What is the fifth amendment?

A

People have the right to a fair trial

33
Q

What is the sixth amendment?

A

People accused of a crime have the right to a speedy, public trial by jury

34
Q

What is the seventh amendment?

A

People who have a disagreement about something worth more than $20 have the right to a trial by jury

35
Q

What is the eigth amendment?

A

In most cases, accused people can remain out of jail until their trail if they ppay bill

36
Q

What is the ninth amendment?

A

People have other rights besides those stated in the constitution

37
Q

What is the tenth amendment?

A

Any powers the Constitution does not give to the federal governmen t belond to the States or to the people

38
Q

When did Washington take the oath of office as the first president of the United States?

A

On April 30, 1789

39
Q

Who leads the legislative branch?

A

Congress

40
Q

Who is the head of the executive branch?

A

The President

41
Q

Who is the top federal court in the judicial branch?

A

The Supreme Court

42
Q

Who were appointed the heads of the departments of the executive branch, and what departments were there?

A

-Secretary of Treasury: Alexander Hamilton
-Secretary of State: Thomas Jefferson
-Secretary of War: Henry Knox
-Attorney General: Edmund Rudolf

43
Q

What was the Judiciary Act of 1789?

A

Established a Supreme Court with one chief justice and five associate justices;
Also provided for a system of 13 district courts and three circuit courts of appeals

44
Q

What was Hamilton’s solution to Congress’s financial difficulties under the Articles of Confederation?

A

(1) Have the federal government assume the war debts of the states
(2) Impose high tariffs on imported goods to collect adequate revenues and protect the country’s young industries
(3) Establish a national bank to stabilize currency

45
Q

Who were the supporters of Hamilton’s plan?

A

Northern merchants

46
Q

Who were against Hamilton’s plan?

A

Anti-Federalists, who feared that the states would lose power to the extent the central government would gain it

47
Q

What did Hamilton do for Jefferson because Jefferson agreed to his plan, or at least the first aspect of it?

A

He agreed to Jefferson’s plan to establish the nation’s capital in the South along the Potomac River, now a modern-day area termed Washington, D.C.

48
Q

What could the federal government do as a major shareholder of the privately owned Naitonal Bank?

A

Print paper currency and use federal deposits to stimulate businesses

49
Q

What were the American reactions to the French Revolution (the public and Jefferson)?

A

-The general public: They sympathized with the French people’s want to establish a republic, but they were also horrified at the reports of mob hysteria and mass executions
-Jefferson and his supporters: They supported the new French Republic and the treaty established between France and the United States

50
Q

What was the Proclamation of Neutrality (1793)?

A

It maintained that America was to not support any side in the French Revolution

51
Q

What was the Jay Treaty (1794)?

A

A treaty negotiated by John Jay and the British;
In which Britain agreed to evacuate its posts on the US western frontier (still said nothing regarding British seizues of American merchant ships)

52
Q

What was the Pinckney Treaty (1795)?

A

In which Spain agreed to open the lower Mississippi River and New Orleans to American trade

53
Q

Why was the Pinckney Treaty made?

A

Because Spain saw the Jay Treaty as a sign that the United States might be drawing closer to Britain

54
Q

What was the Treaty of Greenville?

A

In which American Indians surrendered claims to the Ohio Territory and promised to open it up to settlement

55
Q

What was the Whiskey Rebellion (1794)?

A

In which a group of farmers rebelled against the federal excise tax on whiskey by attacking revenue collectors;
The matter was quelled when Washington federalized 15,000 state militiamen and placed whem under the command of Alexander Hamiilton, which ended the conflict in no bloodshed

56
Q

How did Congress encourage rapid settlement of the new lands they attained during Washington’s presidency?

A

By passing the Public Land Act in 1796, which established orderly procedures for dividing and selling federal lands at reasonable prices

57
Q

What made the Federalists vs Anti-Federalist quarral different from earlier ones of similar political nature?

A

It was organized across state lines and thus hinted at the emergence of national parties

58
Q

What were the Anti-Federalists later called?

A

Democratic-Republicans

59
Q

In the 1790s, which party dominated the political scene?

A

The Federalists, who supported Alexander Hamilton and his visions

60
Q

What did the Federalists argue for?

A

The growth of federal power

61
Q

What did the Anti-Federalists argue for?

A

For states’ rights

62
Q

What did the 22nd Amendment do?

A

It made the presidential two-term limit a part of the Constitution

63
Q

What did the 12th Amendment do?

A

Require that candidates for presidency and vice-presidenct have to run as a team

64
Q

What happened in the XYZ Affair? (Part 1; Backstory)

A

Americas merchant ships were being seized by French warships, so John Adams sent delegates to France to make negotiations

65
Q

What happened in the XYZ Affair? (Part 2; The Real Meat)

A

Newspaper reports of the demands made by X, Y, and Z angered the Americans, and some (the Federaliss) began rallying against France

66
Q

What was the Naturalization Act?

A

Increased the requirement for immigrants to become US citizens from 5 years to 14 years

67
Q

What was the Alien Acts?

A

Authorized the president to deport aliens (immigrants) considered dangerous

68
Q

What was the Sedition Act?

A

Made it illegal for newspaper editors to criticize the president and the Congress

69
Q

How did the Democratic-Republicans combat the Alien and Sedition Acts?

A

Jefferson and Madison created the Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions respectively;
This made it so that if any act of the federal government broke the “compact” with the state government, the state could nullify the law

70
Q

Why did the Federalists lose their popularity during Adams’s presidency?

A

Because of the Alien and Sedition Acts and the taxes being imposed upon them in the federal government’s attempt to build up the US Navy

71
Q

What was the Revolution of 1800?

A

The peaceful change from Federalist to Democratic-Republican control

72
Q

Kageyama Tobio?

A

Yes. Just yes. Yes all the way.

AP US History (14 decks)

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