Chapter 2 Part 2

Question 1

What is mercantilism?

Answer 1

It looked upon trade, colonies, and the accumulation of weath as the basis for a country’s military and political strength;
Basically, the more, the merrier

Question 2

When was mercantilism popular, and where?

Answer 2

In the 17th century in most European kingdoms

Question 3

How did countries operate under mercantilism?

Answer 3

A government should regulate trade and production to enable it to become self-sufficient;
Colonies were to provide raw materials to the parent country to enrich said country

Question 4

When was mercantilism applied to the English colonies?

Answer 4

Only after the turmoil of England’s civil war

Question 5

When was mercantilism applied to Spanish and French colonies?

Answer 5

Since their inception

Question 6

What did the English Navigation Acts do?

Answer 6

They established three rules for colonial trade?

Question 7

What was the first rule of colonial trade established by the Navigation Acts?

Answer 7

Trade to and from the colonies could be carred only by the English or colonial crews

Question 8

What was the second rule of colonial trade established by the Navigation Acts?

Answer 8

All goods imported into the colonies, except for some perishables, had to pass through ports in England

Question 9

What was the third rule of colonial trade established by the Navigation Acts?

Answer 9

Specified or enumerated goods from the colonies could be exported to England only;
Tobacco was the original “enumerated,” but this list expanded over the years

Question 10

What were the positive effects of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 10

• Caused New England shipbuilding to prosper
• Provided Chesapeake tobacco with a monopoly in England
• Provided English military forces to protect the colonies from potential attacks by the French and Spanish

Question 11

What were the negative effects of the Navigation Acts?

Answer 11

• Severely limited the development of colonial manufacturing
• Forced Chesapeake farmers to accept low prices for their goods
• Caused colonists to pay high prices for manufactured goods from England

Question 12

How did the Navigation Acts tarnish British-colonial relations?

Answer 12

Colonists resented the regulator laws imposed by their distant government in London;
In New England especially, they defied the acts by smuggling in French, Dutch, and other goods

Question 13

Did the British Crown heavily enforce the Navigation Acts?

Answer 13

They were lax;

Plus, their agents in the colonies were known for their corruption

Question 14

What did the British Crown do in 1684 to the Massachusetts Bay colony?

Answer 14

It revoked the charter of Massachusetts Bay because that colony had been the center of smuggling activity

Question 15

When did James II become king of England?

Answer 15

1685

Question 16

What was King James II set on doing with regards to the colonies?

Answer 16

He wanted to increase royal control over them by combining them into larger administrative units and going away with their representative assemblies

Question 17

What did James II combine, and what did he create?

Answer 17

He combined New York, New Jersey, and the various New England colonies into a single unit called the Dominion of New England

Question 18

Who became the governor of the Dominion of New England?

Answer 18

Sir Edmund Andros;

He made himself unpopular by imposing taxes, limiting town meetings, and revoking lang titles

Question 19

How did the Dominion of New England fall apart, and when?

Answer 19

It fell after 1688, when the successful Glorious Revolution of that year replaced James II with William and Mary because of his assertion of his royal powers

Question 20

Did the mercantilist policies stay even after the Glorious Revolution?

Answer 20

Yes

Question 21

Why did slavery become increasingly important, especially in the southern colonies? (Reason 1)

Answer 21

Reduced migration;

Increases in wages in England reduced the supply of immigrants to the colonies

Question 22

Why did slavery become increasingly important, especially in the southern colonies? (Reason 2)

Answer 22

Dependable workforce;
Large plantation owners were disturbed by the
political demands of small farmers and indentured servants and by the
disorders of Bacon’s Rebellion;
They thought that slavery would provide a stable labor force totally under their control

Question 23

Why did slavery become increasingly important, especially in the southern colonies? (Reason 3)

Answer 23

Cheap labor;
As tobacco prices fell, rice and indigo became the most profitable crops. To grow such crops required a large land area and many inexpensive, relatively unskilled field hands.

Question 24

What did Massachusetts do in 1641 with regards to slavery?

Answer 24

It recognized the enslavement of “lawful” captives

Question 25

What did Virginia do in 1661 with regards to slavery?

Answer 25

It enacted legislation stating that children automatically inherited their mother’s enslaved status for life

Question 26

What did Maryland do in 1664 with regards to slavery?

Answer 26

It declared that baptism did not affect the enslaved person’s status, and that white women could not marry African American men

Question 27

Did racism and slavery become integral to colonial society as whites came to regard blacks as social inferiors?

Answer 27

Yes

Question 28

Who had monopoly over the enslaved trade in the 17th century (in the Americas)?

Answer 28

The Royal African Company

Question 29

Describe how the traingular, or three-part, slave trade route operates. (First Part)

Answer 29

A ship starting from a New England port such as Boston would carry rum across the Atlantic to West Africa;
There the rum would be traded for
hundreds of captive Africans

Question 30

Describe how the traingular, or three-part, slave trade route operates. (Second Part)

Answer 30

Next, the ship would set out on the horrendous Middle Passage;
The Africans who survived the voyage would be traded as slaves in the West Indies for a cargo of sugarcane

Question 31

Describe how the traingular, or three-part, slave trade route operates. (Third Part)

Answer 31

Third, completing the last side of the triangle, the ship would return to a New England port where
the sugar would be sold to be used in making rum

Question 32

What happened every time one type of cargo was traded for another in the slave trade?

Answer 32

The slave-trading entrepreneur usually succeeded in making a substantial profit