Histology Urinary System

Question 1

What 4 things does the urinary system consist of?

Answer 1

Paired kidneys, paired ureters, bladder, urethra

Question 2

What are the 3 “big picture” functions of the urinary system?

Answer 2

1) filtration of cellular wastes from blood, 2) selective reabsorption of water and solutes, 3) excretion of wastes and excess water as urine

Question 3

How many renal pyramids are there?

Answer 3

6-18

Question 4

What structures are located between renal pyramids?

Answer 4

renal columns

Question 5

A _____ _____ consists of a renal pyramid and its overlying renal cortex and one half of each adjacent renal columns

Answer 5

renal lobe

Question 6

What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney?

Answer 6

nephron

Question 7

Approx how many nephrons are in each human kidney?

Answer 7

1 million

Question 8

What are the two components of a nephron?

Answer 8

renal corpuscle and renal tubule

Question 9

Where does glomerular filtration occur?

Answer 9

renal corpuscle

Question 10

Where in the kidney does tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occur?

Answer 10

renal tubule

Question 11

The nephron plus its collecting tubule form what?

Answer 11

urniferous tubule

Question 12

For urine to be produced, nephrons must perform three processes. What are they?

Answer 12

1) glomerular filtration, 2) tubular reabsorption, 3) tubular secretion

Question 13

The renal corpuscle is located in the _____ _____

Answer 13

renal cortex

Question 14

The two components of the renal corpuscle are what?

Answer 14

1) glomerulus and 2) glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)

Question 15

The glomerular capillaries are supplied by what and drained by what?

Answer 15

supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole

Question 16

How many walls does Bowman’s capsule have?

Answer 16

double-walled

Question 17

The internal and external layers of Bowman’s capsule are known as:

Answer 17

visceral (internal) layer and parietal (external) layer

Question 18

What type of epithelium lines the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule?

Answer 18

modified simple squamous cells called podocytes which wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries

Question 19

What is the semipermeable membrane covering the filtration slit between two pedicels in the glomerular capsule

Answer 19

slit diaphragm

Question 20

what type of cells make up the parietal layer of the bowman’s capsule?

Answer 20

simple squamous

Question 21

What do you call the part of Bowman’s capsules where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit?

Answer 21

vascular pole

Question 22

What do you call the part of Bowman’s capsule where filtrate exits Bowman’s space and enters PCT

Answer 22

urinary or tubular pole

Question 23

What are the three components of the renal tubule?

Answer 23

1) proximal convoluted tubule, 2) loop of henle, 3) distal convoluted tubule

Question 24

Proximal convoluted tubule begins at the _____ pole of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 24

urinary pole

Question 25

The proximal convoluted tubule is located in the _____ of Bowman’s capsule

Answer 25

cortex

Question 26

The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with what type of epithelium?

Answer 26

simple cuboidal epithelium

Question 27

Does the distal or proximal convoluted tubule have the larger outside diameter?

Answer 27

proximal have the larger outside diameter

Question 28

Which tubule has a brush border?

Answer 28

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 29

What are the 4 parts of the loop of henle?

Answer 29

1) thick descending (simple cuboidal epithelial), 2) thin descending ( simple squamous epithelial), 3) thin ascending (simple squamous epithelial), 4) thick ascending (simple cuboidal epithelial)

Question 30

What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus help to regulate?

Answer 30

blood pressure within kidneys