Histology Urinary System Flashcards
What 4 things does the urinary system consist of?
Paired kidneys, paired ureters, bladder, urethra
What are the 3 “big picture” functions of the urinary system?
1) filtration of cellular wastes from blood, 2) selective reabsorption of water and solutes, 3) excretion of wastes and excess water as urine
How many renal pyramids are there?
6-18
What structures are located between renal pyramids?
renal columns
A _____ _____ consists of a renal pyramid and its overlying renal cortex and one half of each adjacent renal columns
renal lobe
What is the fundamental structural and functional unit of the kidney?
nephron
Approx how many nephrons are in each human kidney?
1 million
What are the two components of a nephron?
renal corpuscle and renal tubule
Where does glomerular filtration occur?
renal corpuscle
Where in the kidney does tubular reabsorption and tubular secretion occur?
renal tubule
The nephron plus its collecting tubule form what?
urniferous tubule
For urine to be produced, nephrons must perform three processes. What are they?
1) glomerular filtration, 2) tubular reabsorption, 3) tubular secretion
The renal corpuscle is located in the _____ _____
renal cortex
The two components of the renal corpuscle are what?
1) glomerulus and 2) glomerular capsule (Bowman’s capsule)
The glomerular capillaries are supplied by what and drained by what?
supplied by an afferent arteriole and drained by an efferent arteriole
How many walls does Bowman’s capsule have?
double-walled
The internal and external layers of Bowman’s capsule are known as:
visceral (internal) layer and parietal (external) layer
What type of epithelium lines the visceral layer of bowman’s capsule?
modified simple squamous cells called podocytes which wrap around the single layer of endothelial cells of the glomerular capillaries
What is the semipermeable membrane covering the filtration slit between two pedicels in the glomerular capsule
slit diaphragm
what type of cells make up the parietal layer of the bowman’s capsule?
simple squamous
What do you call the part of Bowman’s capsules where afferent and efferent arterioles enter/exit?
vascular pole
What do you call the part of Bowman’s capsule where filtrate exits Bowman’s space and enters PCT
urinary or tubular pole
What are the three components of the renal tubule?
1) proximal convoluted tubule, 2) loop of henle, 3) distal convoluted tubule
Proximal convoluted tubule begins at the _____ pole of Bowman’s capsule
urinary pole
The proximal convoluted tubule is located in the _____ of Bowman’s capsule
cortex
The proximal convoluted tubule is lined with what type of epithelium?
simple cuboidal epithelium
Does the distal or proximal convoluted tubule have the larger outside diameter?
proximal have the larger outside diameter
Which tubule has a brush border?
proximal convoluted tubule
What are the 4 parts of the loop of henle?
1) thick descending (simple cuboidal epithelial), 2) thin descending ( simple squamous epithelial), 3) thin ascending (simple squamous epithelial), 4) thick ascending (simple cuboidal epithelial)
What does the juxtaglomerular apparatus help to regulate?
blood pressure within kidneys