Embryology Urinary System

Question 1

What type of tissue does the urinary system develop from?

Answer 1

intermediate mesoderm

Question 2

Is the intermediate mesoderm of the urinary system retroperitoneal or not?

Answer 2

yes it is

Question 3

what are the two portions of the urogenital ridge?

Answer 3

1) nephrogenic cord (urinary system, more lateral)
2) gonadal ridge (genital structures, more medial)

Question 4

What are the three stages of kidney development?

Answer 4

1) pronephros (early in week 4)
2) mesonephros (weeks 4-10)
3) metanephros (development into definitive kidney functional at week 10)

Question 5

Do the kidneys descend or ascend during development?

Answer 5

ascend

Question 6

In pronephros, the kidney is a solid rod of _____ connected to epithelial-lined buds

Answer 6

intermediate mesoderm

Question 7

Is the pronephros functional or nonfunctional?

Answer 7

nonfunctional

Question 8

What region of the body does the mesonephros develop?

Answer 8

thoracolumbar region

Question 9

label:

Answer 9

Question 10

does the mesonephric kidney function?

Answer 10

yes, primitively

Question 11

what is the small outgrowth of the mesonephros called?

Answer 11

the uteteric bud

Question 12

What are the two components of the metanephros?

Answer 12

1) ureteric bud
2) metanephrogenic blastema (from mesenchyme of nephrogenic cord)

Question 13

What does the uteric bud give rise to?

Answer 13

the collecting portion of the kidney

Question 14

What 5 structures make up the collecting portion of the kidney?

Answer 14

1) ureter
2) renal pelvis
3) major calyx
4) minor calyx
5) collecting tubules

Question 15

The blastema gives rise to the _____ portion of the kidney

Answer 15

exctretory

Question 16

What are the 4 components of the excretory portion of the kidney?

Answer 16

1) distal convoluted tubule
2) loop of henle
3) proximal convoluted tubule
4) bowman’s capsule

Question 17

communication between _____ and _____ is required for kidney development

Answer 17

uteric bud and blastema

Question 18

Is the kidney lobulated or smooth in newborns?

Answer 18

lobulated

Question 19

What is the original blood supply to the kidneys before ascent?

Answer 19

common iliac artery

Question 20

____% of adults have 2 to 4 renal arteries due to a failure of temporary blood supply during development

Answer 20

25%

Question 21

The _____ divides the cloaca into the urogenital sinus and the anorectal canal

Answer 21

urorectal septum

Question 22

What are the 4 urogenital sinus derivitives?

Answer 22

1) urinary bladder
2) urethra
3) prostate & bulbourethral glands (male)
4) vestibule of vagina and vestibular glands (female)

Question 23

In the adult, the mucosal fold overlying the obliterated urachus is the what?

Answer 23

median umbilical fold

Question 24

What are the three main urachal abnormalities?

Answer 24

1) cyst
2) sinus
3) fistula

Question 25

Answer 25

Trigone (develops from the distal portions of the mesonephric ducts as they are incorporated into the posterior wall of the urinary bladder)

Question 26

Failure of the anterior abdominal wall to close results in what urinary condition?

Answer 26

urinary bladder exstrophy

Question 27

Failure of one or both kidneys to form can lead to what two things?

Answer 27

1) oligohydraminos (too little amniotic fluid)
2) potter syndrome (dry, wrinkly skin, limb deformities, abnormal facial structure)

Question 28

Can kidneys be ectopic?

Answer 28

yeaaapppppppppp