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Neuroendocrinology > Histology of the Nasal & Oral Cavities > Flashcards

Histology of the Nasal & Oral Cavities Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cell layer makes up respiratory epithelium?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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2
Q

What are the hallmarks of respiratory epithelium?

A

Lots of cilia, many goblet cells, thick basement membrane

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3
Q

What is the lamina propria?

A

Under the basement membrane, has a rich vascular network

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4
Q

Where can you find respiratory epithelium in the head?

A

Nasal cavities and paranasal sinuse?

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5
Q

What are the three divisions of the nasal cavity?

A

Nasal vestibule (nostrils), respiratory region (inferior 2/3), olfactory region (superior 1/3)

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6
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the nasal vestibule?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium (that part is still skin on the outside)

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7
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the respiratory region of the nasal cavity?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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8
Q

What type of cell layer makes up olfactory mucosa?

A

Pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium

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9
Q

What are the hallmarks of olfactory mucosa?

A

Much thicker/longer columnar cells, LACKS goblet cells, thin basement membrane

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10
Q

Why are there no goblet cells in olfactory mucosa?

A

Olfactory glands produce serous secretions to dissolve odorant molecules

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11
Q

What cell types are found in olfactory mucosa?

A

Olfactory receptor cells/neurons (odorant receptors), basal cells (stem cells), brush cells (ciliated), supporting/sustentacular cells (mechanical/metabolic support)

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12
Q

What type of cell layer makes up oral mucosa?

A

Stratified squamous types (varying keratinization)

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13
Q

What are the three types of oral mucosa?

A

Lining, masticatory, and specialized

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14
Q

What are the layers of the lamina propria?

A

Papillary (superficial, loose CT w/ neurovasculature) and dense (deep, dense irregular CT)

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15
Q

What are rete ridges?

A

Layer that zig-zags and keeps oral mucosa attached to underlying CT

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16
Q

Where is masticatory mucosa found?

A

Hard palate, gingiva, dorsal surface of tongue (places that need extra protection)

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17
Q

What type of cell layer makes up masticatory mucosa?

A

Keratinized and/or parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

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18
Q

What does parakeratinized mean?

A

Superficial cells do NOT lose their nuclei

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19
Q

Is there a submucosal layer under masticatory mucosa?

A

VERY thin layer or absent

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20
Q

Where is lining mucosa found?

A

Lips, cheeks, alveolar mucosal surface, floor of mouth, inferior tongue, soft palate

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21
Q

What type of cell layer makes up lining mucosa?

A

Nonkeratinized OR parakeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

22
Q

Does lining mucosa have rete ridges?

A

Yes but fewer than masticatory

23
Q

What are the layers of lining mucosa?

A

Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum superficiale

24
Q

Where is specialized (oral) mucosa found?

A

Dorsal surface of tongue

25
Q

What is specialized (oral) mucosa associated with?

A

Sensation of taste (contains taste buds)

26
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the specialized (oral) mucosa?

A

Keratinized stratified squamous, contains lingual papilla which can house taste buds

27
Q

What are lingual papilla?

A

Structures of keratinized epithelium that can house taste buds

28
Q

What are the types of lingual papillae?

A

Filiform papillae, foliate papillae, fungiform papillae, circumvallate papillae

29
Q

What are filiform papillae?

A

Most widespread, NOT associated with taste. Give the tongue its texture, shaped like “fine-pointed cone”

30
Q

What are foliate papillae?

A

On lateral edges of tongue, create crevices that trap partially digested food mixed with saliva. Associated with taste buds. Are rectangle/square shaped and flat on top.

31
Q

What are fungiform papillae?

A

Associated with taste buds, lower number than foliate papillae. Are rounded like the top of a mushroom.

32
Q

What are circumvallate papillae?

A

Large, restricted to posterior surface of tongue. Have ~7-15 of them, sit in V-shape anterior to sulcus terminalis. Associated with many deep crevice and hundreds of taste buds

33
Q

What is a taste bud comprised of?

A

30-80 spindle-shaped cells that extend from basement membrane

34
Q

What do the microvilli of the sensory cells in taste buds go through to get to the crevice?

A

Through taste pores

35
Q

What are the 5 taste sensations?

A

Sweet, salty, sour/acidic, bitter, umami

36
Q

What do sensory cells synapse with after sensing taste?

A

Afferent sensory neurons of CN VII, IX, or X

37
Q

What are tonsils?

A

Irregular masses of aggregated lymphoid tissue that function in immune response (can be encapsulated)

38
Q

What types of tonsils do we have?

A

True palatine tonsils bilaterally, a single lingual tonsil (posterior tongue), and pharyngeal tonsils (adenoid) (posterior nasopharynx)

39
Q

What are lymphoid nodules?

A

Highly populated areas of lymphocytes

40
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the palatine tonsils?

A

Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

41
Q

What are the deep invaginations in the tonsils called?

A

Tonsillar crypts

42
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the pharyngeal tonsils?

A

Pseudostratified columnar ciliated epithelium (associated w/ nasal cavity)

43
Q

What type of cell layer makes up the lingual tonsil?

A

(Keratinized) stratified squamous epithelium

44
Q

Which tonsils have tonsillar crypts?

A

Palatine tonsils have many
Pharyngeal tonsils have none (just have shallow infoldings)
Lingual tonsils have few

45
Q

What are the 5 major components of teeth?

A

Enamel, dentin, pulp, cementum, and PDL

46
Q

What is dentin?

A

Composes the bulk of the tooth (root and crown). Made of calcified organic matrix similar to that of bone, contains calcium hydroxyapatite. Composed of dentinal tubules.

47
Q

What is enamel?

A

Translucent layer of parallel enamel rods that keeps dentin safe. Also composed of calcium hydroxyapatite (way more than dentin).

48
Q

What is cementum?

A

Amorphous calcified tissue (calcium hydroxyapatite) which anchors PDL, covers dentin in root/tooth socket below gums after enamel stops

49
Q

What is pulp?

A

Core of tooth deep to dentin, gives nutrients to dentin.

50
Q

What is PDL?

A

Periodontal ligament that inserts into cementum and alveolar bone, composed of dense CT

Neuroendocrinology (16 decks)

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